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Purandara Dāsa ((カンナダ語:ಪುರಂದರ ದಾಸ))〔Kamath 1980 〕 (1484–1564) is a prominent composer of ''Dasa sahithya'', a poetic form of the Madhwa philosophy. He is widely referred to as the ''Pitamaha'' (''lit'', "father" or the "grandfather") of Carnatic Music in honour of his significant contribution to Carnatic music.〔Iyer (2006), p93 (Quote: "He is considered to be the ''Pitamaha'' of Carnatic music because he codified the teaching of Carnatic music by evolving several graded steps like ''Sarali'', ''Jantai'' and ''Tattu Varisai''; alankaras and geethams")〕〔Thielemann (2002), p. 22 (Quote:"The most well known among the haridasas is Purandara Dasa (1480 or 84-1564), whose significant contribution to South Indian music is honored by referring to him as the 'father of Carnatic music'")〕〔Kassebaum (2000), p211〕〔 (Quote: "The great Purandara Dasa was a 'Margadarsi' in many ways although he is generally referred to as the 'Pitamaha' (grandfather) of Carnatic music")〕〔R Zydenbos in Cushman S, Cavanagh C, Ramazani J, Rouzer P, ''The Princeton Encyclopedia of Poetry and Poetics: Fourth Edition'', p.767, Princeton University Press, 2012, ISBN 978-0-691-15491-6〕 He formulated the basic lessons of teaching Carnatic music by structuring graded exercises known as ''Swaravalis'' and ''Alankaras'', and at the same time, he introduced the ''Raga'' Mayamalavagowla as the first scale to be learnt by beginners in the field. He also composed ''Gitas'' (simple songs) for novice students. Purandara Dasa addressed social issues in addition to worship in his compositions, a practice emulated by his younger contemporary, Kanakadasa. Purandara Dasa's Carnatic music compositions are mostly in Kannada; some are in Sanskrit. He signed his compositions with the ''ankita'' (pen name), "Purandara Vittala" (Vittala is one of the incarnations of the Hindu god, Vishnu). ==Biography== Inscriptional evidence suggests Purandara Dasa was born in 1484 CE in Kshemapura, near Tirthahalli, Shivamogga district, Karnataka state.〔Sharma 2000:598 〕 According to other opinions, his native town was Purandaraghatta in Karnataka,〔Chaitanya Deva (1995), p. 83〕 or Purandaragad near Pune, but the latter is considered a historical mistake - connecting his "pen name" (his ''ankita'') with a location that mainly served as a military encampment in the 15th and 16th century.〔Desai, Krishnarao and Sharma in Sharma 2000:Appendix VII〕 The only son of Varadappa Nayaka, a wealthy merchant, and Leelavati, he was named Srinivasa Nayaka, after the Lord of the Seven Hills. He received a good education in accordance with family traditions and acquired proficiency in Kannada, Sanskrit, and sacred music. At age 16 he married Saraswatibai, said by tradition to have been a pious young girl. He lost his parents at age 20, thereby inheriting his father's business of gemstones and pawning. He prospered and became known as "navakoti narayana" (abundantly rich man; owner of nine crores). According to popular belief, he was led to devote himself to musical composition by a miraculous incident which made the heretofore greedy and miserly merchant realize the worthlessness of his attachment to worldly possessions.〔Iyengar 1964〕 A poor man (Lord in disguise) wanted to perform the sacred thread ceremony (''upanayana'') for his son and came to Srinivasa's wife for money. She gave him her nose ring to sell, and the man sold the nose ring to Srinivasa himself. The miserly Srinavasa lent the man his money. Meanwhile, his wife was worried about what to say to her husband, so she prayed to her favorite deity, who gave her a nose ring just like the one she had just given away. When Srinivasa hurried home, anxious to know if the nose ring was hers, he was bewildered seeing her wear the same one. She confessed what had happened, and he was converted to belief in the virtue of a charitable life. At 30 years of age, he gave away all his wealth to charity and together with his family left his house to lead the life of a wandering minstrel to proselytise religion. In his very first song composition, he laments his wasted life of indulgence. It begins with the words 'Ana lae kara' in the Shuddha Saveri raga, set to Triputa tala. In the course of his wandering he met the holy sage Vyasatirtha, guru of Krishnadevaraya, the emperor of Vijayanagara kingdom. According to Prof. Sambamoorthy,〔''The Hindu'' online, 2006-10-20 〕 Srinivasa had his formal initiation at the hands of Vyasatirtha in 1525 when he was about 40 years old, with the name Purandara Dasa bestowed on him. Purandara Dasa traveled extensively through the length and breadth of the Vijayanagara empire in Karnataka, Tirupati, Pandharapura composing and rendering soul stirring songs in praise of god. He spent his last years in Hampi and also sang in Krishnadevaraya's durbar. The mantapa (mandap) in which he stayed is known as Purandara Dasa Mantapa (mandap) in Hampi. He died in 1564 at the age of 80. There are around 4.75 lakh kirtanas attributed to him. According to legend, he desired to make 5 lakh keerthanas (songs). Being unable to do it, he requested his younger son to complete them. His son Madhwapathi told his father that he could do this in his next janma(birth). It is believed that he was reborn as the famous Vijayadaasa—birthplace is Cheekalparvi village near Maanvi town, Raichur district in Karnataka State—and completed the remaining 25 thousand keerthanas as promised. Most his songs are in praise of Lord Narayana and other Devatas. Due to this, he is believed to be an avatar of Narada. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Purandara Dasa」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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