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Purgatorius
''Purgatorius'' is the genus of the four extinct species believed to be the earliest example of a primate or a proto-primate, a primatomorph precursor to the Plesiadapiformes, dating to as old as 66 million years ago. The first remains (''P. unio'' and ''P. ceratops'') were reported in 1965, from what is now eastern Montana's Tullock Formation (early Paleocene, Puercan), specifically at Purgatory Hill (hence the animal's name) in deposits believed to be about 63 million years old, and at Harbicht Hill in the late Cretaceous and lower Paleocene Hell Creek Formation. Both locations are in McCone County.
They have also been widely discovered in the early Paleocene Bug Creek fauna, along with leptictids. These deposits were once thought to be latest Cretaceous, but it is now clear that they are Paleocene channels with time-averaged fossil assemblages. It is thought to have been rat-sized ( long and 1.3 ounces (about 37g) and a diurnal insectivore, who burrowed through small holes in the ground.
Currently it is considered one of the few stem-primates primitive enough to have possibly given rise to both Plesiadapiformes and Primates. Though its classification below the superorder Euarchonta remains uncertain, dental evidence and molar morphology indicate a close link with Primates.
==Description of remains==
Postcanine dentition of ''P. unio'' is documented by 13 dentulous, fragmentary mandibles, a fragmentary maxillary and more than 50 isolated teeth from Garbani Locality 80 km west of Purgatory Hill. ''P. ceratops'' is represented by an isolated lower molar found at Harbicht Hill, McCone County. The report of the occurrence of ''Purgatorius'' in the Late Cretaceous was based on an isolated, worn molar found in a channel filling that contains early Puercan fossils. It is also abundantly represented in Pu 2-3 local faunas in the northern Western interior, suggesting that it came into the area between 64.75 and 64.11 Mya. Fragmentary dentition from the Garbani Channel fauna from ''Purgatorius janisae'' shows that the lower dental formula was 3.1.4.3.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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