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Purpureocillium
''Purpureocillium'' is a fungal genus in the Ophiocordycipitaceae family. The genus is monotypic, containing the single species ''Purpureocillium lilacinum'', a common saprobic, filamentous fungus. It has been isolated from a wide range of habitats including cultivated and uncultivated soils, forests, grassland, deserts, estuarine sediments and sewage sludge, and insects. It has also been found in nematode eggs, and occasionally from females of root-knot and cyst nematodes. In addition, it has frequently been detected in the rhizosphere of many crops. The species can grow at a wide range of temperatures – from for a few isolates, with optimal growth in the range . It also has a wide pH tolerance and can grow on a variety of substrates.〔〔 ''P. lilacinum'' has shown promising results for use as a biocontrol agent to control the growth of destructive root-knot nematodes.
==Taxonomy and phylogeny==
The species was originally described by American mycologist Charles Thom in 1910, under than name ''Penicillium lilacinum''.〔 Taxonomic synonyms include ''Penicillium amethystinum'' Wehmer and ''Spicaria rubidopurpurea'' Aoki.〔 In 1974, Robert A. Samson transferred the species to ''Paecilomyces''.〔 Publications in the 2000s (decade) indicated that the genus ''Paecilomyces'' was not monophyletic,〔 and that close relatives were ''Paecilomyces nostocoides'', ''Isaria takamizusanensis'' and ''Nomuraea atypicola''.〔 The new genus ''Purpureocillium'' was created to hold the taxon. The generic name refers to the purple conidia produced by the fungus.〔
''Purpureocillium lilacinum'' used to be classified with the Fungi Imperfecti or Deuteromycetes, fungi for which perfect (i.e., sexually reproducing) states have rarely been found. ''Paecilomyces lilacinum'' was classified in the section ''Isarioidea'', for which perfect states have not been found. Many isolates of ''P. lilacinum'' have been identified from around the world and it is accepted that variation exists within the species. Phylogenetic analysis of ''P. lilacinum'' isolates show that it is more closely related to ''Trichoderma'', ''Gliocladium'' and ''Hypocrea'' than to the other entomopathogenic ''Paecilomyces'' species in the Hypocreales.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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