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Purushamedha
Purushamedha (or, 'Naramedha', literally translated, "human sacrifice") is a Vedic yajna (ritual) described in the Yajurveda (VS 30–31). The verse describes people from all classes and of all descriptions tied to the stake and offered to Prajapati.
The Shatapatha Brahmana is a prose text associated with the White Yajur Veda that provides detailed descriptions of Vedic rituals. In its description of the Purushamedha, the text clearly states that the victims are supposed to be released unharmed:
Then a voice said to him, 'Purusha, do not consummate (these human victims): if thou wert to consummate them, man (purusha) would eat man.' Accordingly, as soon as fire had been carried round them, he set them free, and offered oblations to the same divinities.〔(Shatapatha Brahmana 13:6:2:13 )〕
Yet there are Vedic texts that contain instructions on how such rituals are to be performed.〔Shatapatha Brahmana 13.6.1-2, Vajasaneji Samhita 30.1.22, Taittiriya Brahmana 3.4.1.1ff〕 The texts are not consistent on this point. Archeological evidence of human skulls and other human bones at the site of fire altars at Kausambi were once interpreted as remains of ritual human sacrifice,〔Sharma, G.R., The Excavations at Kausambi (1957–1959). Allahabad: University of Allahabad, 1960〕 however, this has long since been disproved.〔D. SCHLINGLOFF,"Menschenopfer in Kausambi?," IIJ 11 (1969), 175—189〕〔Violence Denied: Violence, Non-Violence and the Rationalization of Violence in South Asian Cultural History (Brill's Indological Library, 16) by Jan E. M. Houben, Karel R. Van Kooij and K. R. van Kooij (Jun 1999)〕
== Historical development ==
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