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Pushkalavati (in and near modern-day Charsadda) is an ancient site situated in Peshawar valley in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province (formerly NWFP) of Pakistan. It is located on the banks of Swat River, near its junction with Kabul River. Pushkalavati meaning ''Lotus City'' was the capital of ancient kingdom Gandhara from the 6th century BC, when it became an Achaemenid local capital, to 2nd century AD. The ruins of Pushkalavati consist of many stupas and sites of two old cities. ==Bala Hisar== Bala Hisar site in this area was first occupied in the 2nd millennium BC.〔(Investigating ancient Pushkalavati ) Pushkalavati Archaeological Research Project〕〔Ali et al. 1998: 6–14; Young 2003: 37–40; Coningham 2004: 9.〕 In later 6th century BC, Pushkalavati became the capital of the Achaemenid Gandhara satrapy.〔Rafi U. Samad, (''The Grandeur of Gandhara: The Ancient Buddhist Civilization of the Swat, Peshawar, Kabul and Indus Valleys.'' ) Algora Publishing, 2011, p. 32 ISBN 0875868592〕 The location was first excavated in 1902 by Marshall. Sir Mortimer Wheeler conducted some excavations there in 1962, and identified various Achaemenid remains. Later, King Ashoka built a stupa there which was described by Xuanzang when he visited in 630 AD, which is still not found. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Pushkalavati」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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