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Pygidicranidae is a family of earwigs, formerly placed in the suborder Forficulina, now in the suborder Neodermaptera. The family currently contains twelve subfamilies and twenty six genera. Eight of the subfamilies are monotypic, each containing a single genus. Of the subfamilies, both Astreptolabidinae and Burmapygiinae are extinct and known solely from fossils found in Burmese amber. Similarly ''Archaeosoma'', ''Gallinympha'', and ''Geosoma'', which have not been placed into any of the subfamilies, are also known only from fossils. Living members of the family are found in Australia, South Africa,〔(A Dictionary of Entomology ) accessed 4 September 2012〕 North America,〔(Encyclopedia of Insects ) accessed 4 September 2012〕 and Asia.〔 The monotypic genus ''Anataelia'', described by Ignacio Bolivar in 1899, is found only on the Canary Islands.〔(The Entomologist's record and journal of variation, Volume 14 ) accessed 4 September 2012〕 As with all members of Neodermaptera, pygidicranids do not have any ocelli. The typical pygidicranid bodyplan includes a small, flattened-looking body, which has a dense covering of bristly hairs (setae). The pair of cerci at the end of the abdomen are symmetrical in structure. The head is broad, with the fourth, fifth and sixth antenna segments (antennomeres) that are not transverse. In general Pygidicranids also have equally sized ventral cervical sclerites, and in having the rearmost sclerite separated from, or only touching the center of the prosternum.〔 Cannibalism of young has been observed in at least one species in the family, ''Challia hongkongensis'', in which an adult female was found eating a still-living nymph of the same species. The same species in a different area has been observed possibly eating fruits or seeds, making the species an omnivore. ==Taxonomy== Current Pygidicranidae subfamilies and genera, as listed in the Dermaptera Species File.〔(Dermaptera Species File Pygidicranidae entry ) accessed 4 September 2012〕 Pygidicranidae Verhoeff, 1902 *Subfamily Anataeliinae Burr, 1909 (Syn. Anataelinae) * *Genus ''Anataelia'' Bolivar, 1899 *Subfamily †Astreptolabidinae Engel, 2011 * *Genus †''Astreptolabis'' Engel, 2011 (Albian; Burmese Amber) *Subfamily Blandicinae Burr, 1915 * *Genus ''Alloblandex'' Hincks, 1957 * *Genus ''Austroblandex'' Brindle, 1987 * *Genus ''Blandex'' Burr, 1912 * *Genus ''Parablandex'' Brindle, 1966 *Subfamily Brindlensiinae Srivastava, 1985 * *Genus ''Brindlensia'' Srivastava, 1985 *Subfamily †Burmapygiinae Engel & Grimaldi, 2004 * *Genus †''Burmapygia'' Engel & Grimaldi, 2004 (Albian; Burmese Amber) *Subfamily Challiinae Steinmann, 1973 (Syn. Challinae) * *Genus ''Challia'' Burr, 1904 *Subfamily Cylindrogastrinae Maccagno, 1929 * *Genus ''Cylindrogaster'' Stal, 1855 *Subfamily Diplatymorphinae Boeseman, 1954 * *Genus ''Diplatymorpha'' Boeseman, 1954 *Subfamily Echinosomatinae Burr, 1910 (Syn. Prolabisciinae, Prolabiscinae, Protolabidinae, Protolabinae) * *Genus ''Echinosoma'' AudinetServille, 1839 * *Genus ''Parapsalis'' Borelli, 1921 *Subfamily Esphalmeninae Burr, 1909 * *Genus ''Esphalmenus'' Burr, 1909 *Subfamily Pygidicraninae Verhoeff, 1902 * *Genus ''Acrania'' Burr, 1915 * *Genus ''Cranopygia'' Burr, 1908 * *Genus ''Dacnodes'' Burr, 1907 * *Genus ''Mucrocranopygia'' Steinmann, 1986 * *Genus ''Paracranopygia'' Steinmann, 1986 * *Genus ''Pygidicrana'' AudinetServille, 1831 * *Genus ''Tagalina'' Dohrn, 1862 *Subfamily Pyragrinae Verhoeff, 1902 * *Genus ''Echinopsalis'' de Bormans, 1893 * *Genus ''Pyragra'' AudinetServille, 1831 * *Genus ''Pyragropsis'' Borelli, 1908 *Subfamily ''incertae sedis'' * *Genus †''Archaeosoma'' Zhang, 1994 * *Genus †''Gallinympha'' Perrichot & Engel, 2011 * *Genus †''Geosoma'' Zhang, 1997 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Pygidicranidae」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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