|
A pysanka ((ウクライナ語:писанка), plural: ''pysanky'') is a Ukrainian Easter egg, decorated with traditional Ukrainian folk designs using a wax-resist (batik) method. The word ''pysanka'' comes from the verb ''pysaty'', "to write", as the designs are not painted on, but written with beeswax. Many other eastern European ethnic groups decorate eggs using wax resist for Easter. These include the Belarusians (пісанка, ''pisanka''), Bulgarians (писано яйце, ''pisano yaytse''), Croats (''pisanica''), Czechs (''kraslice''), Hungarians (''hímestojás''), Lithuanians (''margutis''), Poles (''pisanka''), Romanians (''ouă vopsite'', ''incondeiate'' or ''impistrite''), Russians (расписанное яйцо "rаspisannoe yaitsо"), Serbs (''pisanica''), Slovaks (''kraslica''), Slovenes (''pisanica,'' ''pirhi'' or ''remenke'') and Sorbs (''jejka pisać''). == Types of decorated Ukrainian eggs== ''Pysanka'' is often taken to mean any type of decorated egg, but it specifically refers to an egg created by the written-wax batik method and utilizing traditional folk motifs and designs. Several other types of decorated eggs are seen in Ukrainian tradition, and these vary throughout the regions of Ukraine. * ''Krashanky'' –from ''krasyty'' (красити), "to decorate"– are boiled eggs dyed a single color (with vegetable dyes), and are blessed and eaten at Easter. * ''Pysanky'' –from ''pysaty'' (писати), "to write"– are raw eggs created with the wax-resist method (batik). The designs are "written" in hot wax with a stylus or a pin-head. Wooden eggs and beaded eggs are often referred to as "pysanky" because they mimic the decorative style of pysanky in a different medium. * ''Krapanky'' –from ''krapka'' (крапка), "a dot"– are raw eggs decorated using the wax-resist method, but with only dots as ornamentation (no symbols or other drawings). They are traditionally created by dripping molten wax from a beeswax candle onto an egg. They can be considered the simplest version of a pysanka, or a "proto-pysanka." * ''Dryapanky'' –from ''dryapaty'' (дряпати), "to scratch"– are created by scratching the surface of a dyed egg to reveal the white shell below. * ''Malyovanky'' –from ''malyuvaty'' (малювати), "to paint"– are created by painting a design with a brush using oil or water color paints. It is sometimes used to refer to coloring (e.g. with a marker) on an egg. * ''Nakleyanky'' –from ''kleyaty'' (клеяти), "to glue on"– are created by glueing objects to the surface of an egg. * ''Travlenky'' –from ''travlenya'' (травлення), “etching” – are created by waxing eggs and then etching away the unwaxed areas. This is not a traditional Ukraine practice, but has become popularized recently. * ''Biserky'' –from ''biser'' (бісер), "beads"– are created by coating an egg with beeswax, and then embedding beads into the wax to create geometric designs. * ''Lystovky'' –from ''lystya'' (листя), "leaves"– are created by dyeing an egg to which small leaves have been attached. All but the krashanky and lystovky are usually meant to be decorative (as opposed to edible), and the egg yolk and white are either allowed to dry up over time, or (in modern times) removed by blowing them out through a small hole in the egg. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Pysanka」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|