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Pyusawhti ((ビルマ語:ပျူစောထီး) , ; also Pyuminhti, (:pjù mɪ́ɴ tʰí)) was a semi-legendary king of Pagan Dynasty of Burma (Myanmar), who according to the Burmese chronicles supposedly reigned from 167 to 242 CE. The chronicles down to the 18th century had reported that Pyusawhti, a descendant of a solar spirit and a dragon princess, was the founder of Pagan—hence, Burmese monarchy. However ''Hmannan Yazawin'', the Royal Chronicle of Konbaung Dynasty proclaimed in 1832 that he was actually a scion of Tagaung Kingdom and traced his lineage all the way to Maha Sammata, the first king of the world in Buddhist mythology.〔〔Lieberman 2003: 196〕 Scholarship conjectures that Pyusawhti the historical figure likely existed in the mid-to-late 8th century, who perhaps came over from the Nanzhao Kingdom as part of the Nanzhao raids of the Irrawaddy valley during the period.〔 ==Legend== The pre-''Hmannan'' Burmese chronicles claim that Pyusawhti, a descendant of a solar spirit () and a dragon princess (), founded Pagan in 167 CE, and hence the Burmese monarchy.〔Than Tun 1964: ix–x〕〔Hmannan Vol. 1 2003: 193〕 The dragon princess, granddaughter of the Dragon Emperor Kala Naga, was impregnated by the solar spirit who was visiting the earth. Out of this union, the dragon princess laid three eggs, all of which a hunter took away. The hunter accidentally broke the gold-colored egg of the three at Mogok, and the broken golden egg turned into numerous rubies and gems (for which the Mogok region is known to the present-day). The hunter then lost the remaining two eggs during one heavy storm. One egg, in brown color, ended up in a small kingdom in either northern Burma (Thindwe or Tagaung) or Yunnan, and out came a female human princess, who later became queen of that kingdom. The remaining egg, in white color, drifted down the Irrawaddy all the way to Nyaung-U, where it was picked up by an elderly childless Pyu peasant couple. When the egg hatched, Pyusawhti was born. The Pyu couple raised him like their own son. He was then educated by a local monk named Yathekyaung.〔Hmannan Vol. 1 2003: 193–196〕 In 1832, however, the chroniclers of ''Hmannan'' rejected this pre-Buddhist origin story. They instead introduced a new origin story which traces the origin of the monarchy to a Sakya prince Abhiyaza who founded the Tagaung Kingdom. ''Hmannan'' asserts that Pyusawhti was actually a scion of this Tagaung royalty. His parents were now human beings—Thado Aditsa Yaza (lit. the "Sun King" in Pali) of Tagaung descent, and his wife who had wished for a son at a local shrine in honor of the dragon princess.〔Hmannan Vol. 1 2003: 189〕 ''Hmannan'' continues that the young Pyusawhti began his education at seven at the local monastery run by a monk named Yathekyaung. He received an education in arts, religion and martial arts. He excelled at archery. At 16, circa 149 CE, he left for the recently founded city of Pagan (Bagan) with his favorite bow, and was taken in by an elderly Pyu peasant couple who treated him like a son. He soon learned that the city's environs had been terrorized by four giant savage monsters: a Giant Bird, a Giant Boar, a Giant Tiger and a Giant Squirrel-like creature. The Giant Bird was the most feared; it had been given a virgin girl every week for the previous 12 years. With his bow and arrows, he defeated the monsters, and was noticed by the king, Thamudarit. The king then gave his daughter in marriage to Pyusawhti and made him his heir-apparent.〔Hmannan Vol. 1 2003: 190–192〕 When Thamudarit died in 152 CE, Pyusawhti instead gave the throne to his tutor Yathekyaung who ruled for another 15 years. Pyusawhti ascended the throne in 167 CE after Yathekyaung died. He extended his dominion to upper Irrawaddy, recovering the territory which had been lost to the Chinese in the previous years. His reign lasted over 75 years. He died at age 109 (in 110th year.)〔Hmannan Vol. 1 2003: 201〕〔Phayre 1883: 20〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Pyusawhti」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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