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Pērkonkrusts ((:ˈpeːr.kon.krusts), "Thunder Cross"), was a Latvian ultra-nationalist, anti-German and antisemitic political party founded in 1933 by Gustavs Celmiņš, borrowing elements of German nationalism—but being unsympathetic to German National Socialism at the time—and Italian fascism.〔Uģis Šulcs. ''(Pērkonkrusts )''. historia.lv. 2002. Retrieved 11 February 2014.〕 It was outlawed in 1934, its leadership arrested, and Celmiņš eventually exiled in 1937. Still-imprisoned members were persecuted under the first Soviet occupation; some collaborated with subsequently invading Nazi Germany forces in perpetrating the Holocaust. Pērkonkrusts continued to exist in some form until 1944, when Celmiņš, who had initially returned to work in the occupying German administration, was imprisoned. Following the restoration of Latvia's independence in 1991, a new radical nationalist movement, also called ''Pērkonkrusts'', was formed in 1995. The organization espouses many of the same values as its predecessor. Members have participated in efforts to bomb the ''Monument to the Liberators of Soviet Latvia and Riga from the German Fascist Invaders'' several times, leading to the arrest, trial and imprisonment of many of its members. == Principles and ideology == Pērkonkrusts has been variously categorised by scholars as representing the radical right,〔 "activist nationalism" ((ラトビア語:aktīvais nacionālisms)), or fascism, with the latter term being the most commonly encountered in the scholarly literature.〔 Roger Griffin, a prominent fascist studies scholar, describes Pērkonkrusts as having been a "small but genuine fascist opposition" which "pursued a revolutionary solution to the () crisis and which would turn Latvia into an authoritarian state based on a new élite with a new corporatist economy", with its politics defined by "integralist nationalism".〔 Aside from the party's newspaper, ''Pērkonkrusts'' (1933–34), the main source of information on the political platform of Pērkonkrusts can be found in the 1933 brochure, ''Pērkonkrusts: What Is It? What Does It Want? How Does It Work?'' ((ラトビア語:Kas ir? Ko grib? Kā darbojas? Pērkonkrusts)). This publication not only outlined the movement's political programme, but also included the complete party statutes. With its slogan "Latvia for Latvians– Work and bread for Latvians!" ((ラトビア語:Latviju latviešiem– latviešiem darbu un maizi!)), Pērkonkrusts wished to place all political and economic control of their country exclusively in the hands of ethnic Latvians. As a result, the party rejected the existing legislation that gave national minorities cultural autonomy. Pērkonkrusts aimed its propaganda against minorities who supposedly had taken over the Latvian economy (i.e. Baltic Germans, Jews) and the contemporary parliamentary politicians, whom it accused of corruption. Pērkonkrusts rejected Christianity as a foreign influence and suggested instead adopting Dievturība, which was an attempt to revive an assumed pre-Christian Latvian religion.〔 〕 Despite its rural ideals, Pērkonkrusts gained most of its support in the urban areas like Riga, more specifically among students at the University of Latvia. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Pērkonkrusts」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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