翻訳と辞書 Words near each other ・ Q-switching ・ Q-system (geotechnical engineering) ・ Q-systems ・ Q-Tee ・ Q-Tee Spy ・ Q-Telecom ・ Q-theta function ・ Q-Tip (musician) ・ Q-Tip discography ・ Q-Tips (band) ・ Q-type asteroid ・ Q-type calcium channel ・ Q-type Queens car (New York City Subway car) ・ Q-Unique ・ Q-Vandermonde identity ・ Q-Vectors ・ Q-version ・ Q-Warrior ・ Q-Weibull distribution ・ Q-workshop ・ Q-York ・ Q-Zar ・ Q. A. M. A. Rahim ・ Q. Allan Brocka ・ Q. Byrum Hurst ・ Q. Byrum Hurst, Jr. ・ Q. D. Leavis ・ Q. David Bowers ・ Q. gracilis ・ Q. M. Pyne Store Dictionary Lists mini英和辞書 mini和英辞書 Webster 1913 Latin-English FOLDOC Wikipedia English ウィキペディア

翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク Q-Vectors ： ウィキペディア英語版 Q-Vectors Q-vectors are used in atmospheric dynamics to understand physical processes such as vertical motion and frontogenesis. Q-vectors are not physical quantities that can be measured in the atmosphere but are derived from the quasi-geostrophic equations and can be used in the previous diagnostic situations. On meteorological charts, Q-vectors point toward upward motion and away from downward motion. Q-vectors are an alternative to the omega equation for diagnosing vertical motion in the quasi-geostrophic equations. ==Derivation== First derived in 1978, Q-vector derivation can be simplified for the midlatitudes, using the midlatitude β-plane quasi-geostrophic prediction equations: # $\backslash frac\; -\; f\_v\_a\; -\; \backslash beta\; y\; v\_g\; =\; 0$ (x component of quasi-geostrophic momentum equation) # $\backslash frac\; +\; f\_u\_a\; +\; \backslash beta\; y\; u\_g\; =\; 0$ (y component of quasi-geostrophic momentum equation) # $\backslash frac\; -\; \backslash frac\; \backslash omega\; =\; \backslash frac$ (quasi-geostrophic thermodynamic equation) And the thermal wind equations: $f\_\; \backslash frac\; =\; \backslash frac\; \backslash frac$ (x component of thermal wind equation) $f\_\; \backslash frac\; =\; -\; \backslash frac\; \backslash frac$ (y component of thermal wind equation) where $f\_0$ is the Coriolis parameter, approximated by the constant 1e−4 s−1; $R$ is the atmospheric ideal gas constant; $\backslash beta$ is the latitudinal change in the Coriolis parameter $\backslash beta\; =\; \backslash frac$; $\backslash sigma$ is a static stability parameter; $c\_p$ is the specific heat at constant pressure; $p$ is pressure; $T$ is temperature; anything with a subscript $g$ indicates geostrophic; anything with a subscript $a$ indicates ageostrophic; $J$ is a diabatic heating rate; and $\backslash omega$ is the Lagrangian rate change of pressure with time. $\backslash omega\; =\; \backslash frac$. Note that because pressure decreases with height in the atmosphere, a $-\; \backslash omega$ is upward vertical motion, analogous to $+w=\backslash frac$. From these equations we can get expressions for the Q-vector: $Q\_1\; =\; -\; \backslash frac\; \backslash left(\backslash frac\; \backslash frac\; +\; \backslash frac\; \backslash frac\; \backslash right)$ $Q\_2\; =\; -\; \backslash frac\; \backslash left(\backslash frac\; \backslash frac\; +\; \backslash frac\; \backslash frac\; \backslash right)$ And in vector form: $Q\_1\; =\; -\; \backslash frac\; \backslash frac\; \backslash cdot\; \backslash vec\; T$ $Q\_2\; =\; -\; \backslash frac\; \backslash frac\; \backslash cdot\; \backslash vec\; T$ Plugging these Q-vector equations into the quasi-geostrophic omega equation gives: $\backslash left(\backslash sigma\; \backslash overrightarrow\; +\; f\_^2\; \backslash frac\; \backslash right)\; \backslash omega\; =\; -2\; \backslash vec\; \backslash cdot\; \backslash vec\; +\; f\_\; \backslash beta\; \backslash frac\; -\; \backslash frac\; \backslash overrightarrow\; J$ Which in an adiabatic setting gives: $-\backslash omega\; \backslash propto\; -2\; \backslash vec\; \backslash cdot\; \backslash vec$ Expanding the left-hand side of the quasi-geostrophic omega equation in a Fourier Series gives the $-\backslash omega$ above, implying that a $-\backslash omega$ relationship with the right-hand side of the quasi-geostrophic omega equation can be assumed. This expression shows that the divergence of the Q-vector ($\backslash vec\; \backslash cdot\; \backslash vec$) is associated with downward motion. Therefore, convergent $\backslash vec$ forces ascend and divergent $\backslash vec$ forces descend. Q-vectors and all ageostrophic flow exist to preserve thermal wind balance. Therefore, low level Q-vectors tend to point in the direction of low-level ageostrophic winds. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Q-Vectors」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.