翻訳と辞書 Words near each other ・ "O" Is for Outlaw ・ "O"-Jung.Ban.Hap. ・ "Ode-to-Napoleon" hexachord ・ "Oh Yeah!" Live ・ "Our Contemporary" regional art exhibition (Leningrad, 1975) ・ "P" Is for Peril ・ "Pimpernel" Smith ・ "Polish death camp" controversy ・ "Pro knigi" ("About books") ・ "Prosopa" Greek Television Awards ・ "Pussy Cats" Starring the Walkmen ・ "Q" Is for Quarry ・ "R" Is for Ricochet ・ "R" The King (2016 film) ・ "Rags" Ragland ・ ! (album) ・ ! (disambiguation) ・ !! ・ !!! ・ !!! (album) ・ !!Destroy-Oh-Boy!! ・ !Action Pact! ・ !Arriba! La Pachanga ・ !Hero ・ !Hero (album) ・ !Kung language ・ !Oka Tokat ・ !PAUS3 ・ !T.O.O.H.! ・ !Women Art Revolution Dictionary Lists mini英和辞書 mini和英辞書 Webster 1913 Latin-English FOLDOC Wikipedia English ウィキペディア

翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク QWIP ： ウィキペディア英語版 Quantum well infrared photodetector A Quantum Well Infrared Photodetector (QWIP) is an infrared photodetector, which uses electronic intersubband transitions in quantum wells to absorb photons. The basic elements of a QWIP are quantum wells, which are separated by barriers. The quantum wells are designed to have one confined state inside the well and a first excited state which aligns with the top of the barrier. The wells are n-doped such that the ground state is filled with electrons. The barriers are wide enough to prevent quantum tunneling between the quantum wells. Typical QWIPs consists of 20 to 50 quantum wells. When a bias voltage is applied to the QWIP, the entire conduction band is tilted. Without light the electrons in the quantum wells just sit in the ground state. When the QWIP is illuminated with light of the same or higher energy as the intersubband transition energy, an electron is excited. Once the electron is in an excited state, it can escape into the continuum and be measured as photocurrent. To externally measure a photocurrent the electrons need to be extracted by applying an electric field to the quantum wells. The efficiency of this absorption and extraction process depends on several parameters. Photocurrent Assuming that the detector is illuminated with a photon flux $\backslash phi$ (number of photons per unit time), the photocurrent $I\_$ is $I\_=e\backslash phi\backslash eta\; g\_$ where $e$ is the elementary charge, $\backslash eta$ is the absorption efficiency and $g\_$ is the photoconductive gain.〔Schneider, Harald, and Hui Chun Liu. Quantum well infrared photodetectors. Springer, 2007.〕 $\backslash eta$ and $g\_$ are the probabilities for a photon to add an electron to the photocurrent, also called quantum efficiency. $\backslash eta$ is the probability of a photon exciting an electron, and $g\_$ depends on the electronic transport properties. Photoconductive gain The photoconductive gain $g\_$ is the probability that an excited electron contributes to the photocurrent. Although it might be counterintuitive at first, it is possible that $g\_$ becomes larger than one. Whenever an electron is excited and extracted as photocurrent, an extra electron is injected from the contact to balance the loss of electrons from the quantum well. In general the capture probability $p\_\backslash leq1$ and the injected electrons sometimes pass over the quantum well. Therefore, more electrons need to be injected to balance the for the extracted electrons and $g\_$ can become larger than one. The exact value of $g\_$ is determined by the ratio of capture probability $p\_$ and escape probability $p\_$. $g\_=\backslash frac\}$ where $N$ is the number of quantum wells. The number of quantum wells appears only in the denominator, as it increases the capture probability $p\_$, but not the escape probability $p\_$. ==References== 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Quantum well infrared photodetector」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.