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}} The Kara-Khanid Khanate ((ペルシア語:قَراخانيان), ''Qarākhānīyān'' or , ''Khakānīya'', , ) was a Turkic dynasty that ruled in Transoxania in Central Asia, ruled by a dynasty known in literature as the Karakhanids (also spelt Qarakhanids) or Ilek Khanids.〔''Qara-khanids'', Encyclopedia of the Peoples of Africa and the Middle East, Vol.1, Ed. Jamie Stokes, (Infobase Publishing, 2009), 578.〕 Both dynastic names represent titles with Kara Kağan being the most important Turkish title up till the end of the dynasty. The Khanate conquered Transoxania in Central Asia and ruled it between 999–1211.〔(Encyclopædia Britannica )〕 Their arrival in Transoxania signaled a definitive shift from Iranian to Turkic predominance in Central Asia,〔 yet the Kara-khanids gradually assimilated the Perso-Arab Muslim culture, while retaining some of their native Turkish culture.〔 Their capitals included Kashgar, Balasagun, Uzgen and Samarkand. Their history is reconstructed from fragmentary and often contradictory written sources, as well as studies on their coinage.〔 ==Origin== The Karakhanids were a confederation formed some time in the 9th century of Karluks, Yaghmas, Chigils, and other tribes living in Semirechye, Western Tian Shan (modern Kyrgyzstan), and Western Xinjiang (Kashgaria).〔 The name of the royal clan is not actually known; the term ''Karakhanid'' is artificial—it was derived from ''Qara Khan'' or ''Qara Khaqan'' (the word "Kara" means "black" and also "courageous"), which was the foremost title of the rulers of the dynasty, and was devised by European Orientalists in the 19th century to describe both the dynasty and the Turks ruled by it.〔 Arabic Muslim sources called this dynasty ''al-Khaqaniya'' ("That of the Khaqans"), while Persian sources often preferred the term ''Al-i Afrasiyab'' ("The Family of the Afrasiyab") on the basis of the legendary kings of pre-Islamic Transoxania.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Kara-Khanid Khanate」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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