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Kucha
Kucha or Kuche (also: ''Kuçar'', ''Kuchar''; (ウイグル語:كۇچار), ; also romanized as Qiuzi, Qiuci, Chiu-tzu, Kiu-che, Kuei-tzu from ; (サンスクリット:Kucina)〔(中印佛教交通史 )〕) was an ancient Buddhist kingdom located on the branch of the Silk Road that ran along the northern edge of the Taklamakan Desert in the Tarim Basin and south of the Muzat River.
The area lies in present-day Aksu Prefecture, Xinjiang, China; Kuqa town is the county seat of that prefecture's Kuqa County. Its population was given as 74,632 in 1990.
== Etymology of Kucha ==
Chinese transcriptions of the Han or the Tang also infer an original form Küchï, but the form Guzan, representing (), is attested in seventh century Old Tibetan (in the ''Old Tibetan Annals'', s.v. year 687). Mongol Empire-period Uighur and Chinese transcriptions support the form Küsän/Güsän/Kuxian/Quxian rather than Küshän or Kushan (Yuanshi, chap. 12, fol 5a, 7a). (The form Kūsān is still attested in the early-modern work, ''Tarikh-i-Rashidi'', Cf. ELIAS and ROSS, Tarikh-i-Rashidi, in the index, s. v. Kuchar and Kusan: "One MS. (the ''Tarikh-i-Rashidi'' ) reads Kus/Kusan. Both names were used for the same place, as also Kos, Kucha, Kujar, etc., and all appear to stand for the modern Kuchar of the Turki-speaking inhabitants, and Kuché of the Chinese. An earlier Chinese name, however, was Ku-sien." Elias (1895), p. 124, n. 1.) However, transcriptions of the name 'Kushan' in Indic scripts from late Antiquity include the spelling Guṣân, and are apparently reflected in at least one Khotanese-Tibetan transcription. The history of the toponyms corresponding to modern 'Kushan' and 'Kucha' remain somewhat problematic.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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