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:''Qadri redirects here. For other uses, see Qaderi'' The Qadiriyya (Arabic: القادريه, Persian:قادریه, also transliterated ''Qadri'', ''Qadriya'', ''Kadri'', ''Elkadri'', ''Elkadry'', ''Aladray'', ''Alkadrie'', ''Adray'', ''Kadray'', ''Qadiri'',"Quadri" or ''Qadri''), are members of the Qadiri Sufi order (''tariqa''). This derives its name from Syed Abdul Qader Gilani Al Amoli (1077–1166 CE, also transliterated as "Jilani" etc.) who was from Gilan. The order relies strongly upon adherence to the fundamentals of Islam. The order, with its many offshoots, is widespread, particularly in the Arabic-speaking world, and can also be found in Turkey, Indonesia, Afghanistan, India, Bangladesh, Pakistan, the Balkans, Russia, Palestine, Israel, China,〔Gladney, Dru. ( "Muslim Tombs and Ethnic Folklore: Charters for Hui Identity" ) ''Journal of Asian Studies'', August 1987, Vol. 46 (3): 495-532; pp. 48-49 in the PDF file.〕 East and West Africa.〔Abun-Nasr, Jamil M. "The Special Sufi Paths (Taqiras)." Muslim Communities of Grace: The Sufi Brotherhoods in Islamic Religious Life. New York: Columbia UP, 2007. 86-96.〕 ==History== The founder of the Qadiriyya, Abdul Qadir Jilani, was a respected scholar and preacher.〔Omer Tarin, ''Hazrat Ghaus e Azam Shaykh Abdul Qadir Jilani sahib, RA: Aqeedat o Salam'', Urdu monograph, Lahore, 1996〕 Having been a pupil at the school (''madrasa'') of Abu Sa'id al-Mubarak he became leader of this school after his death in 1119 CE. Being the new shaykh, he and his large family lived comfortably in the ''madrasa'' until his death in 1166, when his son, Abdul Razzaq, succeeded his father as sheikh. Gilani's son, Abdul Razzaq Jilani, published a hagiography of his father, emphasizing his reputation as founder of a distinct and prestigious Sufi order.〔Tarin〕 The Qadiriyya flourished, surviving the Mongolian conquest of Baghdad in 1258, and remained an influential Sunni institution. After the fall of the 'Abbasid caliphate the legend of Jilani was further spread by a text entitled ''The Joy of the Secrets in Abdul-Qadir's Mysterious Deeds'' (''Bahjat al-asrar fi ba'd manaqib 'Abd al-Qadir'') attributed to Nur al-Din 'Ali al-Shattanufi, who depicted Jilani is the ultimate channel of divine grace〔 and helped the Qadiri order to spread far beyond the region of Baghdad.〔 By the end of the fifteenth century the Qadiriyya had distinct branches and had spread to Morocco, Spain, Turkey, India, Ethiopia, Somalia, and present-day Mali.〔 Established Sufi sheikhs often adopted the Qadiriyya tradition without abandoning leadership of their local communities. During the Safavid rule of Baghdad, from 1508 to 1534, the shaykh of the Qadiriyya was appointed chief Sufi of Baghdad and the surrounding lands. Shortly after the Ottoman Turks conquered Baghdad in 1534, Suleiman the Magnificent commissioned a dome to be built on the tomb of Jilani, establishing the Qadiriyya as his main allies in Iraq. Khwaja Abdul Alla, a shaikh of the Qadiriyya and a descendant of Muhammed, is reported to have entered China in 1674 and traveled the country preaching until his death in 1689.〔 One of Abdul Alla's students, Qi Jingyi Hilal al-Din, is said to have permanently rooted Qadiri Sufism in China. He was buried in Linxia City, which became the center of the Qadiriyya in China.〔 By the seventeenth century, the Qadiriyya had reached Ottoman-occupied areas of Europe. There were also many Qadiri shaikhs in Kerala, Moula al-Bokhari (Kannur), Syed Abd al-Rahman Aidrusi (Ponnani), Syed Qutb Alavi Manburami, Sheikh Abu-Bakr Madavuri, Sheikh Abu-Bakr Aluva and Sheikh Zain-ud-din Makhdum Ponnani. Sultan Bahoo contributed to the spread of Qadiriyya in western India. His method of spreading the teachings of the Sufi doctrine of Faqr through his Punjabi couplets and through his writings which exceeded to more than 140. He granted the method of Dhikr and stressed that the wy to reach Divinity is not through asceticism or excessive or lengthy prayers but it is selfless love carved out of annihilation in Allah called Divine Love. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Qadiriyya」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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