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|image_flag = |flag_size = |image_seal = |seal_size = |image_shield = |shield_size = |image_blank_emblem = |blank_emblem_type = |blank_emblem_size = |image_map = |mapsize = |map_caption = |pushpin_map = Afghanistan |pushpin_label_position = above |pushpin_mapsize = 300px |pushpin_map_caption = Location in Afghanistan |coordinates_display = inline,title |coordinates_region = AF |subdivision_type = Country |subdivision_name = |subdivision_type1 = Province |subdivision_name1 = Kandahar |subdivision_type2 = District |subdivision_name2 = Kandahar |government_footnotes = |government_type = |leader_title = Mayor |leader_name = ''Vacant'' |established_title = |established_date = |area_magnitude = |unit_pref = |area_footnotes = |area_total_km2 |area_land_km2 = |area_water_km2 = |area_total_sq_mi = |area_land_sq_mi = |area_water_sq_mi = |area_water_percent = |area_metro_km2 = |area_metro_sq_mi = |population_as_of = 2012 |population_footnotes = |population_note = 〔 |population_total = 491,500 |population_density_km2 = |population_density_sq_mi = |population_metro = |population_density_metro_km2 = |population_density_metro_sq_mi = |population_urban = 557,118 〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://unhabitat.org/books/soac2015/ )〕 |population_density_urban_km2 = |population_density_urban_sq_mi = |timezone =Afghanistan Standard Time |utc_offset = +4:30 |timezone_DST = |utc_offset_DST = |latd =31 |latm =37 | latNS = N |longd =65 |longm =43 | longEW = E |elevation_footnotes = |elevation_m =1010 |elevation_ft = |postal_code_type = |postal_code = |area_code = |blank_name = |blank_info = |blank1_name = |blank1_info = |website = |footnotes = }} Kandahar ((:ˈkæn.də.hɑr)) or Qandahar (Persian: قندهار, (パシュトー語:کندهار) ,, known in older literature as Candahar) is the second-largest city in Afghanistan, with a population of about 491,500 as of 2012.〔 Formerly called Alexandria Arachosia, the city is named after Alexander the Great, who founded it in 329 BC around a small ancient Arachosian town.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Kandahar )〕 Kandahar is the capital of Kandahar Province, located in the south of the country at an altitude of 1,010 m above sea level. The Arghandab River runs along the west of the city. The city of Kandahar has a population of 557,118. 〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://unhabitat.org/books/soac2015/ )〕 It has 15 districts and a total land area of 27,337 Hectar. 〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://unhabitat.org/books/soac2015_volume2/ )〕The total number of dwellings in Kandahar is 61,902. 〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://unhabitat.org/books/soac2015_volume2/ )〕 Kandahar is one of the most culturally significant cities of the Pashtuns and has been their traditional seat of power for more than 200 years. It is a major trading center for sheep, wool, cotton, silk, felt, food grains, fresh and dried fruit, and tobacco. The region produces fine fruits, especially pomegranates and grapes, and the city has plants for canning, drying, and packing fruit, and is a major source of marijuana and hashish. The area is believed to be the birthplace of ''cannabis indica''. Kandahar has an international airport and extensive road links with Lashkar Gah and Herat to the west, Ghazni and Kabul to the northeast, Tarinkot to the north, and Quetta in neighboring Balochistan to the south. The region around Kandahar is one of the oldest known human settlements. Alexander the Great had laid-out the foundation of what is now ''Old Kandahar'' in the 4th century BC and gave it the Ancient Greek name Αλεξάνδρεια Aραχωσίας (). Many empires have long fought over the city due to its strategic location along the trade routes of southern, central and western Asia. In 1709, Mirwais Hotak made the region an independent kingdom and turned Kandahar into the capital of the Hotak dynasty. In 1747, Ahmad Shah Durrani, founder of the last Afghan empire, made it the capital of modern Afghanistan.〔〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=The City of Kandahar )〕 Since the 1978 Marxist revolution, the city has been a magnet for groups such as the Pakistan-based Haqqani network, Quetta Shura, Hezbi Islami, al-Qaida and other terrorist groups, many of which are believed to receive support from Pakistan's ISI spy network. From late 1994 to 2001, it served as the capital of the Taliban government until they were toppled by US-led NATO forces during Operation Enduring Freedom in late 2001 and replaced by the government of President Hamid Karzai. ==Name== One hypothesis of the name suggests ''"Kandahar"'' to be a transliteration of ''"Is()"'', the local dialect version of the name Alexander, after Alexander the Great who founded the city in 330 BC and named it Alexandria in Arachosia.〔 Ibn Batutta mentions Kandahar in the 14th century by describing it as a large and prosperous town three nights journey from Ghazni.〔 It has been then mentioned extensively by Mughal Emperor Babur and others. An alternative etymology derives the name of the city from Gandhara,〔(Hobson Jobson Dictionary ); ''The Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary'', Vaman Shivram Apte, Motilal Banarsidass, Delhi, India, 1975, ISBN 81-208-0567-4; P. Bernard, "Une probleme de toponymie antique dans l'Asie centrale: les noms anciens de Qandahar", ''Studia Iranica,'' tome 3 (fasc. 2) 1974, 171-185. .〕 the name of an ancient Buddhist kingdom located along the Kabul and Swat rivers of Afghanistan and Pakistan; Kandahar is not in the former territory of Gandhara.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Achaemenid Satrapies )〕 A folk etymology offered is that the word "kand" or "qand" in Persian and Pashto (the local languages) means "candy". The name "Candahar" in this form probably translates to candy area. This probably has to do with the location being fertile and historically known for producing fine grapes, pomegranates, apricots, melons and other sweet fruits.〔 Ernst Herzfeld claimed Kandahar perpetuated the name of the Indo-Parthian king Gondophares, who re-founded the city under the name Gundopharron.〔Ernst Herzfeld, ''Archaeological History of Iran,'' London, Oxford University Press for the British Academy, 1935, p.63; Ernst Herzfeld, ''The Persian Empire: Studies in Geography and Ethnography of the Ancient Near East,'' Wiesbaden, Steiner, 1968, p.335.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Kandahar」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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