|
Quillota is a city located in the Aconcagua River valley of central Chile's Valparaíso Region. It is the capital and largest city of the Quillota Province where many inhabitants live in the surrounding farm areas of San Isidro, La Palma, Pocochay, and San Pedro. It is an important agricultural center, mainly because the plantations of avocado and cherimoya (custard apple) trees. Quillota is connected with the city of La Calera by the small town of La Cruz. The area's agriculture and landscape was described by Charles Darwin in his book ''The Voyage of the Beagle''. Nearby La Campana National Park holds a plaque at a viewpoint Darwin once visited. Quillota is from the national capital Santiago and from the regional capital Valparaíso. ==History== The Quillota valley has been densely populated for about 2,000 years. At the outset, the area was inhabited by Native Americans of the Bato and Lleo-Lleo cultures, who had migrated to the valley because of the fertile land south of the Aconcagua River. These natives where later influenced by Mapuches and Diaguitas. The Diaguitas are credited with the evolution of the local culture of the Aconcagua zone and were well known for their pottery. Later, Quillota was mitimae and the capital of Qullasuyu, the southern Inca Empire. Diego de Almagro arrived in the valley in 1536. Incan scouts directed him to a beautiful and very fertile valley where the "Quillotas" lived. (Even before Almagro's arrival, a Spanish soldier from Peru called Don Gonzalo Calvo de Barrientos had been captured by the Quillotas and lived in the valley, learning the local language and culture during his captivity.) Almagro was delighted with the valley, but as he was searching for gold and found none he returned to Peru. Almagro crossed the valley of Quillota and its environs. And having found the Aconcagua river overflowed and with few possibilities of finding gold, he deemed the land too difficult and returned to Peru, where he was executed. Later, in 1540, Pedro de Valdivia arrived in Chile with the title of Governor of Chile. He arrived in the valley and built farms and houses, mainly for the slaves and the Indians who were working for him. Almost the whole area occupied by present day Quillota was Valdivia's property. De Valdivia established here his fortress between San Pedro and Limache, extracting gold from La Campana mountain and cultivating the Rautén valley, La Palma, Boco and take for himself all the area as his personal property, leaving the Mapocho valley as capital when he founded Santiago. After the conquest and during the Colonial period,〔This is- Between the Spanish arrive to the valley and until the Chilean independence〕 population was increasing with the mix of races (Spaniards and Aconcaguas) and culture. Until 1585, Quillota was declared a ''corregimiento'', and it was the main place of a large province between Illapel and Casablanca. In the 16th century were some tries to founding in the Quillota valley a village with all features and requirements ordered by Spanish kingdom, but it did not succeed. It was only on November 11, 1717, St. Martin's Day, that Quillota was founded as a city, originally named "Village of San Martin de la Concha of Quillota" in the valley bordering Mayaca Hill. The city was founded by the bishop, Luis Romero, and the governor, Don José de Santiago Concha y Salvatierra. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Quillota」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|