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RAINBO
RAINBO (Research Action and Information Network for the Bodily Integrity of Women) - alternatively RAINB♀ - is an international non-governmental organisation working to eliminate female circumcision and female genital mutilation.
==Foundation and initial impact==
RAINBO was founded in 1994 by a group of African immigrants to the United States including Nahid Toubia, Sudan's first female surgeon.〔〔("Nahid Toubia" by Priya Shetty, The Lancet, Volume 369, Issue 9564, Page 819, 10 March 2007 ) , accessed 30 January 2011〕 The organisation has offices in New York City and London and works in Uganda, South Africa, The Gambia, and Nigeria.〔("Internet-Based Resources on Female Genital Mutilation" by Tobe Levin, Office of University of Wisconsin System Women's Studies Librarian ), accessed 30 January 2011〕
The RAINBO played a prominent role in changing the view of female circumcision/female genital mutilation from being a predominantly medical concern to a human rights issue.〔 In 1995 RAINBO published Nahid Toubia's "Female Genital Mutilation: A Call for Global Action", discussing the cultural significance of FC/FGM in Africa and suggesting legal, religious, social and political measures to combat the practice〔ISBN 1-893136-04-3〕 and the report "Intersections Between Health and Human Rights: The Case of Female Genital Mutilation", based on the National Council on International Health (NCIH) international workshop attended by legal professionals, academics, social scientists, and activists.〔ISBN 1-893136-05-1〕
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