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RD-107
The RD-107 and its sibling, the RD-108, are a type of rocket engine initially used to launch R-7 Semyorka missiles. RD-107 engines were later used on space launch vehicles based on the R-7. , very similar RD-107A and RD-108A engines are used to launch the Soyuz FG, Soyuz-2.1a and Soyuz-2.1b, which are in active service.〔
== Design ==
The RD-107 was designed under the direction of Valentin Glushko at the Gas Dynamics Laboratory-Experimental Design Bureau (OKB-456) between 1954 and 1957. It uses liquid oxygen and kerosene as propellants, operating in a gas generator cycle. As was typical by all the descendants of the V-2 technology, the turbine is driven by steam generated by catalytic decomposition of H2O2. The steam generator uses solid ''F-30-P-G'' catalyst. These are based on variable sized pellet covered in an aqueous solution of potassium permanganate and sodium as active catalyst. Each engine uses four fixed main combustion chambers. The RD-107 has an additional two vernier combustion chambers that can gimbal in a single plane, to supply thrust vectoring. The RD-108 has four of such vernier combustion chambers to supply full vector control to the Blok-A stage. The single-axle turbopump unit includes the steam driven turbine, an oxidizer pump, a fuel pump, and a nitrogen gas generator for tank pressurization.〔
One important innovation of this engine was the capability to use variable mixture ratio between fuel and oxidizer. The natural variations in manufacturing between each engine meant that without an active propellant consumption control, each boosters would deplete oxygen and fuel at different rates. This might result in as much as tens of tonnes of propellant near the end of their burn. It would generate enormous strains on the structure and control authority due to the mass imbalance. Thus, the engines and the control system was developed to ensure the simultaneous consumption of propellant mass among the four R-7 boosters.〔〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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