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The Reich Main Security Office〔''Reichssicherheitshauptamt'' is variously translated as "Reich Main Secutiy Office", "Reich Security Main Office", "Reich Central Security Main Office", "Reich Security Central Office", "Reich Head Security Office", or "Reich Security Head Office".〕 (German: ''Reichssicherheitshauptamt'' or RSHA) was an organization subordinate to Heinrich Himmler in his dual capacities as ''Chef der Deutschen Polizei'' (Chief of German Police) and ''Reichsführer-SS'', the head of the Nazi Party's ''Schutzstaffel'' (SS). The organization's stated duty was to fight all "enemies of the Reich" inside and outside the borders of Nazi Germany. ==Formation== The RSHA was created by Himmler on 27 September 1939. Himmler's assumption of total control over all security and police forces in Germany was the "crucial precondition" for the establishment and growth of the SS state.〔Broszat (1981). ''The Hitler State: The Foundation and Development of the Internal Structure of the Third Reich'', p. 270.〕 He combined the Nazi Party's ''Sicherheitsdienst'' (SD; SS intelligence service) with the ''Sicherheitspolizei'' (SiPo; "Security Police"), which was nominally under the Interior Ministry. The SiPo was composed of the ''Geheime Staatspolizei'' (Gestapo; "Secret State Police") and the ''Kriminalpolizei'' (Kripo; "Criminal Police").〔Lumsden, Robin. ''A Collector's Guide To: The Allgemeine–SS'', pp. 83-84.〕 The RSHA was often abbreviated to "''RSi-H''" in correspondence to avoid confusion with the ''SS-Rasse- und Siedlungshauptamt'' (RuSHA; "SS Race and Settlement Office").〔 The creation of the RSHA represented the formalization, at the top level, of the relationship under which the SD served as the intelligence agency for the security police. A similar coordination existed in the local offices. Within Germany and areas which were incorporated within the Reich for the purpose of civil administration, local offices of the Gestapo, criminal police, and SD were formally separate. They were subject to coordination by inspectors of the security police and SD on the staffs of the local higher SS and police leaders, however, and one of the principal functions of the local SD units was to serve as the intelligence agency for the local Gestapo units. In the occupied territories, the formal relationship between local units of the Gestapo, criminal police, and SD was slightly closer.〔''Nazi Conspiracy and Aggression'' (Washington, DC: U.S. G.P.O., 1946), p. 92. Also see Nazi Conspiracy and Aggression, GESTAPO AND SD in Yale University's AVALON Project at: http://avalon.law.yale.edu/imt/judorg.asp (cited 9 September 2014)〕 Throughout the course of wartime expansion, the RSHA continued to grow at an enormous rate and was "repeatedly reorganized".〔Bracher (1970). ''The German Dictatorship: The Origins, Structure, and Effects of National Socialism'', p. 353.〕 Routine reorganization did not change the tendency for centralization within the Third Reich nor did it change the general trend for organizations like the RHSA to develop direct relationships to Hitler, adhering to a familiar National Socialist pattern of the leader-follower construct.〔Williamson (2002). ''The Third Reich'', pp. 34-35.〕 For the RSHA, its centrality within Nazi Germany was pronounced since departments like the Gestapo (within the RSHA) were controlled by Himmler and his immediate subordinate SS-''Obergruppenführer'' and General of Police Reinhard Heydrich, the first chief of the RSHA; they held the power of life and death for nearly every German and were essentially above the law.〔Shirer (1988). ''The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich'', p. 373-374.〕 Heydrich remained the RSHA chief until he was assassinated in 1942. In January 1943, Himmler delegated the office to SS-''Obergruppenführer'' and General of Police Dr. Ernst Kaltenbrunner, who headed the RSHA for the rest of World War II. The RSHA acronym for its director was 'CSSD': Chef der Sicherheitspolizei und des SD (''Chief of the Security Police and of the Security Service'').〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Reich Main Security Office」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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