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Rachilde was the pen name of Marguerite Vallette-Eymery (February 11, 1860 – April 4, 1953)a French author who was born near Périgueux, Dordogne, Aquitaine, France during the Second French Empire. Dubbed “Mademoiselle Baudelaire” by Maurice Barres and called a distinguished pornographer by Jules Barbey d’Aurevilly, Rachilde is one of the most complex literary figures to emerge at the tipping point between the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Her most famous work includes the novels ''Monsieur Vénus/Mister Venus'' (1884) and ''La Jongleuse/The Juggler'' (1900, rev. 1925), and a nonfictional work called ''Pourquoi je ne suis pas féministe/ Why I am not a feminist'' (1928) in which she famously claims, “I have never had any confidence in women since the eternal feminine first betrayed me in maternal guise.” Bisexual, irreverent and independent, her visiting cards read: ''"Rachilde – Man of Letters,"'' And according to Petra Dierkes-Thrun, a lecturer in Stamford's Department of Comparative Literature, she played an overlooked role in shaping Oscar Wilde's legacy. The Oscar Wilde we know today wouldn't exist without Rachilde. At a time when Wilde was little more than a punch line, Rachilde wrote articles defending homosexual love, reviewed Wilde's work and commissioned new translations of his novels and plays. Without Rachilde, who hosted one of the city's premiere avant-garde salons and edited one of Europe's most influential literary journals, the ''"Mercure de France,"'' Dierkes-Thrun said, Wilde's legacy would look very different. Scandalous in her youth, reviled by moralists as well as early feminists, her work ignored or forgotten in the years after her death, Rachilde balances between decadence and literary modernism, and between a virulent misogyny and deeply held belief in her own feminine worth. ==Early life== Marguerite Eymery was born in February 1860, the only child of her parents’ largely unhappy marriage. A voracious reader from a young age, a lack of parental supervision gave her the run of her grandfather’s library, much of which would have been considered unfit for a young girl’s consumption at the time. Available juvenilia show her to be an avid writer since age twelve, keeping a cahier de style and publishing her first short stories in a local paper. These display a preoccupation with sexual identity and question extant gender scripts, themes that surface time and again in her mature works. She was not yet sixteen when she began writing commissioned pieces of fiction and non-fiction for local presses using the pseudonym, ‘Rachilde’. The name was chosen after a Swedish man she claimed to have contacted her supernaturally, which was allegedly an elaborate ruse to make her mother think that she was not really responsible for the scandalous literature she wrote.〔Kiebuzinska, C. (Summer, 1994). Behind the Mirror: Madame Rachilde's “The Crystal Spider.” Modern Language Studies, 24(3), 28-43.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Rachilde」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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