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Joachim Raff
Joseph Joachim Raff (May 27, 1822June 24 or June 25, 1882) was a German-Swiss composer, teacher and pianist.〔: "The death is announced, at Frankfort-on-Main, on the 25th ult., of Herr Raff, the well-known composer. Joseph Joachim Raff was born, , 1822, at Lachen, in the canton of Schwyz where his parents temporarily resided. He was Swiss, however, only as far as the accident of birth in Switzerland made him; remaining all his life a good German and worthy subject of the King of Wurtemberg."〕
==Biography==
Raff was born in Lachen in Switzerland. His father, a teacher, had fled there from Württemberg in 1810 to escape forced recruitment into the military of that southwestern German state that had to fight for Napoleon in Russia. Joachim was largely self-taught in music, studying the subject while working as a schoolmaster in Schmerikon, Schwyz and Rapperswil. He sent some of his piano compositions to Felix Mendelssohn who recommended them to Breitkopf & Härtel for publication. They were published in 1844 and received a favourable review in Robert Schumann's journal, the ''Neue Zeitschrift für Musik'', which prompted Raff to go to Zürich and take up composition full-time.〔: "Raff had already studied the pianoforte, violin, and organ; but these things no longer contented him, and he tried his hand at composition, sending, in 1843, some of his works to Mendelssohn for the benefit of that master's opinion upon them. Mendelssohn seems to have thought well of his talents, and, with characteristic kindness, introduced him to Breitkopf and Härtel, the Leipzig publishers. This encouragement determined Raff's future. Thenceforth he devoted his life to music, regretting, but at the same time disregarding, the opposition of his parents."〕
In 1845, Raff walked to Basel to hear Franz Liszt play the piano. After a period in Stuttgart where he became friends with the conductor Hans von Bülow, he worked as Liszt's assistant at Weimar from 1850 to 1853. During this time he helped Liszt in the orchestration of several of his works, claiming to have had a major part in orchestrating the symphonic poem ''Tasso''. In 1851, Raff's opera ''König Alfred'' was staged in Weimar, and five years later he moved to Wiesbaden where he largely devoted himself to composition. From 1878 he was the first Director of, and a teacher at, the Hoch Conservatory in Frankfurt. There he employed Clara Schumann and a number of other eminent musicians as teachers, and established a class specifically for female composers. (This was at a time when women composers were not taken very seriously.) His pupils there included Edward MacDowell and Alexander Ritter.
He died in Frankfurt on the night of June 24/25, 1882.
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