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In Norse mythology, Ragnarök is a series of future events, including a great battle foretold to ultimately result in the death of a number of major figures (including the gods Odin, Thor, Týr, Freyr, Heimdallr, and Loki), the occurrence of various natural disasters, and the subsequent submersion of the world in water. Afterward, the world will resurface anew and fertile, the surviving and returning gods will meet, and the world will be repopulated by two human survivors. Ragnarök is an important event in the Norse canon, and has been the subject of scholarly discourse and theory. The event is attested primarily in the ''Poetic Edda'', compiled in the 13th century from earlier traditional sources, and the ''Prose Edda'', written in the 13th century by Snorri Sturluson. In the ''Prose Edda'', and a single poem in the ''Poetic Edda'', the event is referred to as Ragnarök or Ragnarøkkr (Old Norse "Fate of the Gods" and "Twilight of the Gods" respectively), a usage popularised by 19th-century composer Richard Wagner with the title of the last of his ''Der Ring des Nibelungen'' operas, ''Götterdämmerung'' (1876). ==Etymology== The Old Norse compound ''ragnarok'' has a long history of interpretation. Its first element, ''ragna'', is unproblematic, being the genitive plural of ''regin'' (n. pl.) "the ruling powers, gods". The second element is more difficult, as it occurs in two variants, ''-rök'' and ''-røkkr''. Zoega's ''Old Icelandic Dictionary'' treats the two forms as two separate compounds, glossing ''ragnarök'' as "the doom or destruction of the gods" and ''ragnarøkkr'' as "the twilight of the gods" (1910). The plural noun ''rök'', has several meanings, such as "development, origin, cause, relation, fate."〔"reason, ground, origin", "wonder, marvel", ''tíva rök "the life and doings of the gods"", ''þjóða rök'' "origin, creation of mankind", ''í aldar rök'' "at the end of the worl" (Zoega 1910); Proto-Germanic *''rakō''.(Bjordvand Lindeman 2007, pp. 856–857)〕 The word ''ragnarök'' as a whole is then usually interpreted as the "final destiny of the gods." The singular form ''ragnarøk(k)r'' is found in stanza 39 of the ''Poetic Edda'' poem ''Lokasenna'', and in the ''Prose Edda''. The noun ''røk(k)r'' means "twilight" (from a verb ''røkkva'' "to grow dark"), suggesting a translation "twilight of the gods". This reading was widely considered a folk etymology corruption, or a learned reinterpretation, of the original term due to the merger of /ǫ/ and /ø/ in Old Icelandic after ca. 1200 (nevertheless giving rise to the concept of ''Götterdämmerung'' "Twilight of the Gods" in the German reception of Norse mythology). Nevertheless, Haraldur Bernharðsson in a 2007 paper suggested that the singular form ''-røkr'' "twilight" (from a Proto-Germanic *''rekwa'') might have been the original reading. Haraldur Bernharðsson argues instead that the words ''ragnarök'' and ''ragnarøkkr'' are closely related, etymologically and semantically, and suggests a meaning of "renewal of the divine powers." Other terms used to refer to the events surrounding Ragnarök in the ''Poetic Edda'' include ''aldar rök'' (aldar means age, "end of an age") from stanza 39 of ''Vafþrúðnismál'', ''tíva rök'' from stanzas 38 and 42 of ''Vafþrúðnismál'', ''þá er regin deyja'' ("when the gods die") from ''Vafþrúðnismál'' stanza 47, ''unz um rjúfask regin'' ("when the gods will be destroyed") from ''Vafþrúðnismál'' stanza 52, ''Lokasenna'' stanza 41, and ''Sigrdrífumál'' stanza 19, ''aldar rof'' ("destruction of the age") from ''Helgakviða Hundingsbana II'' stanza 41, ''regin þrjóta'' ("end of the gods") from ''Hyndluljóð'' stanza 42, and, in the ''Prose Edda'', ''þá er Muspellz-synir herja'' ("when the sons of Muspell move into battle") can be found in chapters 18 and 36 of ''Gylfaginning''. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Ragnarök」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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