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Raion
A raion (also rayon) is a type of administrative unit of several post-Soviet states (such as part of an oblast). The term is from the French "''rayon''" (meaning "honeycomb, department"),〔Merriam-Webster's ''Third New International Dictionary'' (1961, repr. 1981), s.v. ''raion''.〕 which is both a type of a subnational entity and a division of a city, and is commonly translated in English as "district".〔Saunders, R.A., Strukov, V. ''(Historical Dictionary of the Russian Federation )''. "Scarecrow Press", 2010, ISBN 978-0-8108-5475-8, S. 477.〕
The term "raion" also can be used simply as a kind of administrative division without anything to do with ethnicity or nationality. A raion is a standardized administrative entity across most of the former Soviet Union and is usually a subdivision two steps below the national level. However, in smaller USSR republics, it could be the primary level of administrative division (Administrative divisions of Armenia, Administrative divisions of Azerbaijan). After the fall of the Soviet Union, some of the republics dropped ''raion'' from their use (Armenia).
In Bulgaria, it refers to an internal administrative subdivision of a city not related to the administrative division of the country as a whole, or, in the case of Sofia municipality a subdivision of that municipality.〔http://lex.bg/laws/ldoc/2133624321〕
==Etymology==
The word "raion" (or "rayon") is often used in translated form: (アゼルバイジャン語:rayon); (ベラルーシ語:раён, rajon); (ブルガリア語:район); (グルジア語:რაიონი), ''raioni''; (ラトビア語:rajons); (リトアニア語:rajonas); (ポーランド語:rejon); (ルーマニア語、モルドバ語():raion); (ロシア語:райо́н) and (ウクライナ語:райо́н).
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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