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| area_rank = | area_total_km2 = | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = 73 |area_blank1_title = City |area_blank1_sq_mi = |area_blank1_km2 = 61.6 |area_blank2_title = Regional planning |area_blank2_sq_mi = |area_blank2_km2 = 517 | population_total = 41,587 | population_as_of = 2011 | population_rank = | population_density_km2 = auto | population_demonym = | population_footnotes = 〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/pca/SearchDetails.aspx?Id=260645 )〕 | demographics1_title1 = Official | demographics1_info1 = Magadhi, Hindi | timezone1 = IST | utc_offset1 = +5:30 | postal_code_type = PIN | postal_code = 803116 | area_code_type = Telephone code | area_code = +91-6112 | registration_plate = BR-21 | blank1_name_sec1 = Sex ratio | blank1_info_sec1 = 1000/889 ♂/♀ | blank2_name_sec1 = Literacy | blank2_info_sec1 = 51.88% | blank3_name_sec1 = Lok Sabha constituency | blank3_info_sec1 = Nalanda | blank4_name_sec1 = Vidhan Sabha constituency | blank4_info_sec1 = Rajgir (SC) (173) | website = | footnotes = }} Rajgir is a city and a notified area in Nalanda district in the Indian state of Bihar. The city of Rajgir (ancient Rājagṛha; Pali: Rājagaha) was the first capital of the kingdom of Magadha, a state that would eventually evolve into the Mauryan Empire. Its date of origin is unknown, although ceramics dating to about 1000 BC have been found in the city. This area is also notable in Buddhism and Jainism〔Jain Dharma ka Maulik Itihas Part-1, Ed. Acharyashri Hastimalji Maharaj, 1971 p. 739-742〕 as one of the favorite places for Mahavira and Gautama Buddha and the well known "Atanatiya" conference was held at Vulture's Peak mountain. Rajgir is connected to Patna via Bakhtiarpur by rail and road. Bakhtiarpur lies midway between Patna and Mokameh. Road access is by NH 30A to Bakhtiarpur and NH 31 towards south to reach Bihar Sharif. From Mokameh NH 31 to Bihar Sharif. From there, NH 82 will leads to Rajgir. Rajgir is around 100 KM from both Patna and Mokameh. It is located in a green valley surrounded by rocky hills, Rajgir hills. Indian Railways run trains directly from Rajgir to New Delhi, Shramjeevi Express. ==History== The name Rajgir came from Rājagṛiha 'house of the king' or "royal house", or the word rajgir might have its origin in its plain literal meaning, "royal mountain". It was the ancient capital city of the Magadha kings until the 5th century BC when king Udayin (460-440 BC),son of Ajatshatru,moved the capital to Pataliputra. In those days, it was called Rajgrih, which translates as 'the home of Royalty'. The epic Mahabharata calls it Girivraja and recount the story of its king, Jarasandha, and his battle with the Pandava brothers and their allies Krishna. Jarasandha who hailed from this place, had been defeated by Krishna 17 times. The 18th time Krishna left the battlefield without fighting.〔See Bhagavata Purana, 10.70.30〕 Because of this Krishna is also called 'ranachorh' (one who has left the battlefield).〔()〕 Mahabharata recounts a wrestling match between Bhima (one of the Pandavas) and Jarasandha, the then king of Magadha. Jarasandha was invincible as his body could rejoin any dismembered limbs. According to the legend, Bhim split Jarasandha into two and threw the two halves facing opposite to each other so that they could not join. There is a famous Jarasandha's Akhara (place where martial arts are practiced). It is also mentioned in Buddhist and Jain scriptures, which give a series of place-names, but without geographical context. The attempt to locate these places is based largely on reference to them and to other locations in the works of Chinese Buddhist pilgrims, particularly Faxian and Xuanzang. It is on the basis of Xuanzang in particular that the site is divided into Old and New Rajgir. The former lies within a valley and is surrounded by low-lying hills, Rajgir hills. It is defined by an earthen embankment (the Inner Fortification), with which is associated the Outer Fortification, a complex of cyclopean walls that runs (with large breaks) along the crest of the hills. New Rajgir is defined by another, larger, embankment outside the northern entrance of the valley and next to the modern town. It is sacred to the memory of the founders of both the religions: Buddhism and Jainism and associated with both the historical Buddha and Mahavira. It was here that Gautama Buddha spent several months meditating, and preaching at Gridhra-kuta, ('Hill of the Vultures'). He also delivered some of his famous sermons and initiated king Bimbisara of Magadha and countless others to Buddhism. On one of the hills is the Saptparni cave where the First Buddhist Council was held under the leadership of Maha Kassapa. Lord Mahavira spent fourteen years of his life at Rajgir and Nalanda, spending ''chaturmas'' (i.e. 4 months of the rainy season) at a single place in Rajgir (Rajgruhi) and the rest in the places in the vicinity. It was the capital of his favourite ''shishya'' (follower) king Shrenik. Thus Rajgir is a very important religious place for Jains also. Rajgir is also famous for its association with Haryanka dynasty Kings Bimbisara and Ajatashatru. Ajatashatru kept his father Bimbsara in captivity here. The sources do not agree which of the Buddha's royal contemporaries, Bimbisara and Ajatashatru, was responsible for its construction. Ajatashatru is also credited with moving the capital to Pataliputra (modern Patna). 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Rajgir」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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