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''Rallus'' is a genus of wetland birds of the rail family. Sometimes, the genera ''Lewinia'' and ''Gallirallus'' are included in it. Six of the species are found in the Americas, and the three species found in Eurasia, Africa and Madagascar are very closely related to each other, suggesting they are descended from a single invasion of a New World ancestor.〔Taylor & van Perlo (1998)〕 These are slim, long-billed rails with slender legs. Their laterally flattened bodies are an adaptation to life in wet reedbeds and marshes, enabling them to slip easily through the dense semi-aquatic vegetation. Typically these birds have streaked brown upperparts, blue-grey on the face or breast, and barred flanks. Only the African rail has a plain back, and the plain-flanked rail lacks any blue-grey in its plumage and has no flank bars.〔 Three endemic South American species are endangered by habitat loss, and the Madagascan rail is becoming rare. ==Species== Living species * Clapper rail, ''Rallus crepitans'' * Ridgway's rail, ''Rallus obsoletus'' * Mangrove rail, ''Rallus longirostris'' * King rail, ''Rallus elegans'' * Aztec rail, ''Rallus tenuirostris'' * Plain-flanked rail, ''Rallus wetmorei'' * Virginia rail, ''Rallus limicola'' * Bogotá rail, ''Rallus semiplumbeus'' * Austral rail, ''Rallus antarcticus'' * Water rail, ''Rallus aquaticus'' * Brown-cheeked rail, ''Rallus indicus'' * African rail, ''Rallus caerulescens'' * Madagascan rail, ''Rallus madagascariensis'' Fossil record * Ibiza rail, ''Rallus eivissensis'' (prehistoric) * ''Rallus'' sp. (Sajóvölgyi Middle Miocene of Mátraszõlõs, Hungary)〔Gál ''et al.'' (1998-1999)〕 * ''Rallus lacustris'' (Late Pliocene of C North America) * ''Rallus phillipsi'' (Late Pliocene of Wickieup, USA) * ''Rallus prenticei'' (Late Pliocene of C North America) * ''Rallus'' sp. (Rexroad Late Pliocene of Saw Rock Canyon, USA) * ''Rallus auffenbergi'' (Middle Pleistocene of SE North America) - formerly ''Porzana'' * ''Rallus ibycus'' (Shore Hills Late Pleistocene of Bermuda, W Atlantic) * ''Rallus recessus'' (St Georges Soil Late Pleistocene of Bermuda, W Atlantic) * ''Rallus natator'' (Pleistocene of San Josecito Cavern, Mexico) - formerly ''Epirallus'' * ''Rallus richmondi'' - includes ''R. dubius'' Formerly in Rallus * ''"R." arenarius'' – now ''Quercyrallus'' * ''"R." beaumontii'', ''"R." dispar'' – now – now ''Pararallus'' or ''Palaeoaramides'' * ''"R." christyi, "R." eximius, "R." minor'' – now ''Palaeoaramides'' * ''"R." major'' – now ''Miorallus'' * ''"R." porzanoides'' – now ''Paraortygometra'' ''"R." sumiderensis'' apparently refers to prehistoric remains of the Zapata rail (''Cyanolimnas cerverai''). 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Rallus」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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