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Ramsgate is a seaside town in the district of Thanet in east Kent, England. It was one of the great English seaside towns of the 19th century. it had a population of around 40,000. Ramsgate’s main attraction is its coastline, and its main industries are tourism and fishing. The town has one of the largest marinas on the English south coast, and the Port of Ramsgate has provided cross-channel ferries for many years. ==History== (詳細はSt Augustine, sent by Pope Gregory the Great, landed near Ramsgate in 597AD.〔http://augustineshrine.co.uk/?page_id=33〕 The town is home to the Shrine of St Augustine. The earliest reference to the town is in the Kent Hundred Rolls of 1274-5, both as ''Remmesgate'' (in the local personal name of ‘Christina de Remmesgate’) and ''Remisgat'' (with reference to the town).〔http://www.kentarchaeology.ac/khrp/khrpa.html.〕 The names ''Ramisgate'' and ''Raunsgate'' appear in the parish of St. Laurence records circa 1290.〔The black book of Canterbury. The register of St. Augustine's abbey, Canterbury.archive.org University of Toronto. Robarts Library.〕〔‘The history and antiquities of the church of St Laurence’ by Charles Cotton 1895.〕 These are all derived from late Anglo-Saxon ‘Hremmes’ from earlier ‘Hræfnes’ (raven’s) and ‘geat’ (gate), with reference to the gap in the cliffs.〔Bosworth & Toller’s Anglo Saxon dictionary.〕 In 1357, the area became known as ''Ramesgate''.〔Concise Dictonary World place names, Oxford Uni. Press: 2005〕〔A Dictonary of British Place names 2003: A.D Mills〕〔encyclopedia.com: OED etymology of "raven"〕 Ramsgate was a member of the Confederation of Cinque Ports, under the 'Limb' of Sandwich, Kent.〔http://www.cinqueports.org/ramsgate.htm〕 The construction of Ramsgate Harbour began in 1749 and was completed in about 1850. The harbour has the distinction of being the only Royal Harbour in the United Kingdom. Because of its proximity to mainland Europe, Ramsgate was a chief embarkation point both during the Napoleonic Wars and for the Dunkirk evacuation in 1940. ''The Official Illustrated Guide to South-Eastern and North and Mid-Kent Railways'' (June 1863) by George Measom from describes Ramsgate thusly: 'It is impossible to speak too favourably of this first rate town, its glorious sands, its bathing, its hotels, libararies, churches,etc etc not forgetting its bracing climate...The streets of Ramsgate are well paved or macadamed and brillantly lighted with gas.' The architect A W Pugin and his sons lived in Ramsgate and built several important buildings there, including St Augustine's Church, The Grange, St Augustine's Abbey, and the The Granville Hotel. The artist Vincent Van Gogh moved to Ramsgate in April 1876, at age 23. He boarded at 11 Spencer Square, which is identified by a blue plaque. He obtained work as a teacher at a local school in Royal Road, where he received his post. 〔http://vangoghletters.org/vg/letters/RM07/letter.html〕 In one of his letters 〔Van Gogh Letters Volume I https://www.thamesandhudson.com/vvgcontents.html〕〔Van Gogh Museum - Letters http://vangoghletters.org/vg/letters/let077/letter.html〕 to his brother Theo, he described his surroundings: "There’s a harbour full of all kinds of ships, closed in by stone jetties running into the sea on which one can walk. And further out one sees the sea in its natural state, and that’s beautiful." In 1901, an electric tram service, one of the few inter-urban tramways in Britain, was introduced on the Isle of Thanet. The towns of Ramsgate, Margate and Broadstairs were linked by 11 miles of track. In 1915–1916, early aircraft began to use the open farmland at Manston as a site for emergency landings. The location near the Kent coast gave Manston some advantages over the other previously established aerodromes. During the First World War, Ramsgate was the target of (bombing raids ) by Zeppelin airships. By 1917 the Royal Flying Corps was well established and taking an active part in the defence of Britain. As RAF Manston, the aerodrome played an important role in the Second World War. It is now called Kent International Airport. As the second World War approached, Ramsgate Borough Council embarked on plans to create a network of Deep Shelter tunnels linking to a former Railway Tunnel which would provide shelter for 60,000 people. The tunnels were opened on 1 June 1939. 75 years later, in 2014, a part of this network was opened to visitors. () In October 1939, the Royal Navy established a Coastal Forces base at Ramsgate called HMS ''Fervent'', which operated Motor Torpedo Boats, Motor Gun Boats and Motor Launches until September 1945. From 27 May 1940, Ramsgate harbour was the main assembly point for the build-up of small craft needed for Operation Dynamo, the evacuation of the British Expeditionary Force from Dunkirk.〔(J R Gardner, ''The Evacuation from Dunkirk, Operation Dynamo 26 May - 4 June 1940'', Frank Cass Publishers 2000, ISBN 0-7146-5120-6 (p.21) )〕 Once the evacuation was under way, Ramsgate became the second-busiest port after Dover, and just under 43,000 men passed through the port, transported onwards by 82 special trains.〔(History Learning Site - Dunkirk Evacuation and Trains )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Ramsgate」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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