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Ratnakaravarni
Ratnakaravarni was a 16th-century Kannada poet and writer.〔Narasimhacharya (1988), p. 23〕 He is considered to be one of the trailblazers in the native ''shatpadi'' (hexa-metre, six line verse) and ''sangatya'' (composition meant to be sung to the accompaniment of musical instrument) metric tradition that was popularised in Kannada literature during the rule of the Vijayanagara empire in modern Karnataka. His most famous writing is the story of the Jain prince Bharata and is called the ''Bharatesha Vaibhava'' (or ''Bharatesvara Charite''). Known to be a troubled and restless person, tradition has it that Ratnakaravarni converted from his religion Jainism to Veerashaivism when a less-meritorious poet superseded him. During this brief time, he wrote the ''Basavapurana'', a biography of the 12th century social reformer Basavanna. Later, he returned to the Jain religion and penned classics in the ''shataka'' metre (string of 100 verses).〔Shiva Prakash (1997), p. 210〕〔 His contributions to Kannada literature are considered trend setting.
==Life and works==
Ratnakaravarni of Mudabidri (c. 1557) was a court poet under the patronage of Bhairasa Wodeyar at Karkala, modern coastal Karnataka, and is famous for successfully integrating an element of worldly pleasure into asceticism and for treating the topic of erotics with discretion in a religious epic, his ''magnum opus'', the ''Bharatesha Vaibhava''.〔Nagaraj in Pollock (2003), p. 373〕 One of the most popular poets of Kannada literature, his writings took to a fine line between the royal court and conservative monastery. His writings were popular across religions and sects for their secular appeal. In fact, an early 19th-century writing recognises him as an authority on erotics and the science of pleasure, rather than a poet with a spiritual bent.〔Nagaraj in Pollock (2003), pp. 374–375, 377〕 A radical and sensitive poet, he once claimed that spiritual meditation "was boring". Tradition has it that Ratnakaravarni converted to Veerashaivism when his ''magnum opus'' was initially scorned at (after a poet called Ravikirthi objected to a few verses in it) only to return to the Jain fold and pen other important writings.〔Nagaraj in Pollock (2003), p. 376〕 Written in epic proportions, the ''Bharatesha Vaibhava'' is in eighty cantos and runs into 10,000 verses. His other important writings are the 2,000 spiritual songs called ''Annagalapada'' ("Songs of the Brothers") and three ''shatakas'': the ''Ratnakara sataka'', the ''Aparajitesvara shataka'', a discourse on Jain morals, renunciation and philosophy and the ''Trilokya shataka'', an account of the universe as seen by Jains, consisting of heaven, hell and the intermediate worlds .〔〔〔Mukherjee (1999), p. 328〕〔Rice E.P. (1921), p. 47〕
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