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Ratusz
A ''ratusz'' ((:'ratuʂ)) is a Polish historic city hall, traditionally built in the centre of a town or in the middle of a town square as a free-standing structure fitted with a bell tower. Although the old ratusz can still maintain the function of a seat of local government, frequently it is separated from the contemporary ''urząd miasta'', the administrative building housing the town council, and often serves as a museum of local history.〔
==History==
Prominent examples of a historic ratusz can be found in at least 82 Polish cities.〔 Some of them date back to the mid-13th century, like the ratusz in Kalisz.〔Janusz Rosikoń, (Ratusze w Polsce ) Rosikon Press〕〔(Szlakiem Rynków i Ratuszy w Polsce ) PTTK〕〔Elżbieta Zagłoba-Zygler, (20 lat rajdu motorowego PTTK "Ratusze w Polsce" ) "Gosciniec" Polskiego Towarzystwa Turystyczno-Krajoznawczego, PTTK〕 The oldest tower still standing was erected in 1274 in Toruń while the actual building with 365 windows comes from the 14th century.〔Douglas Stallings, (Ratusz (town hall) in Toruń ) ''Fodor's Poland''. Random House, 2007. ISBN 1400017513.〕 The ratusz in Zamość, built during the Renaissance in Poland, is one of the highest achievements of Renaissance architecture anywhere in the country. It was intentionally placed in the corner of the town square not to outshine the nearby Zamoyski Palace of the city's owners, which it did anyway, once the imposing Baroque staircase was added in the 17th century.〔Douglas Stallings, (Ratusz (town hall) in Zamość ) ''Fodor's Poland'', p. 238. Random House, 2007. ISBN 1400017513.〕 The ratusz in Poznań, dating from the mid-16th century, has a clock with billy goats butting heads, which attracts hundreds of spectators every day in tourist season.〔Douglas Stallings, (Ratusz (town hall) in Poznań ) ''Fodor's Poland'', p. 131. Random House, 2007. ISBN 1400017513.〕 Throughout the centuries many Polish town halls have been damaged in foreign invasions, such as the ratusz in Sandomierz, with city rights since 1286, meticulously renovated before being turned into a museum.〔Tomasz Herud, (Wykaz ratuszy z Polski (Compendium of Poland's ratuszes) ) History and photographs. JakTrafic.org.〕 In the royal city of Kraków, the historic ratusz, built of brick and mortar in the centre of Main Square, originally in 1316, has been torn down not by the occupiers, but by the Cracovians themselves in 1820 because it was not considered pretty enough. What remains of it is the massive town-hall tower, a prominent example of Polish Gothic architecture.〔Kamil Janicki, (Co się stało z krakowskim ratuszem? ) Ciekawostki turystyczne.〕
A considerable number of heritage city halls became historical museums in the 20th century, including the ratusz in Toruń (Toruń Regional Museum or ''Muzeum Okręgowe'' in Polish), with stained glass and gingerbread divisions, in Poznań (''Muzeum Okręgowe''), with a Chopin division, in Lublin (''Muzeum Okręgowe''), Siedlce (''Muzeum Okręgowe''), Białystok (''Muzeum Podlaskie''), Gdańsk (''Muzeum Historii Miasta''), Sandomierz (''Muzeum Okręgowe''), and Szczecin (''Muzeum Historii Miasta Szczecina''). Others still serve as seats of local government, and sometimes also as civil wedding halls and art galleries, restaurants, and cultural centres. These include Zamość, Kielce, Zielona Góra (also a civil wedding hall, restaurant, and winery), Kętrzyn (also a wedding hall and cultural centre), and Kołobrzeg (also a wedding hall, cultural centre, and gallery of modern art).〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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