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Raubritter
A ''raubritter'' was a feuding landowner that, seeking to alleviate their financial difficulties, recurred to banditry protected by his feud's legal status. It's a modern historiography term based on historians obsevations over the impoverished nobleman of the German nobility. This development is described to have occurred in the late Middle Ages and have been mainly a result of the natural economy displacement by the monetary economy.
Some of them violated the structure under which tolls were collected on the Rhine either by charging higher tolls than the standard or by operating without authority from the Holy Roman Emperor altogether. They also went outside that society's behavioral norms, since merchants were bound both by law and religious custom to charge a "just price" for their wares.
During the period in the history of the Holy Roman Empire known as the Interregnum (1250-1273), when there was no Emperor, the number of tolling stations exploded in the absence of Imperial authority. They could resort into robbing ships of their cargoes, stealing entire ships or kidnapping.
''Raubritter'' was coined by Friedrich Bottschalk in 1810.〔Klaus Graf, ‘Feindbild und Vorbild: Bemerkungen zur stadtischen Wahrnehmung des Adels’, ''ZGO'' 141 (1993), 121-54, at 138〕 That period represented a renewed literary interest in the feud.〔A. Maier, ‘Das Wiederaufleben von “Fehde” im 18. Jahrhundert’, ''Ze itschnft fur deutsche Wortforschung'' 10 (1908/9), 181-7〕
==Notes==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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