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Robert Rauschenberg (October 22, 1925 – May 12, 2008) was an American painter and graphic artist whose early works anticipated the pop art movement. Rauschenberg is well known for his "Combines" of the 1950s, in which non-traditional materials and objects were employed in innovative combinations. Rauschenberg was both a painter and a sculptor and the Combines are a combination of both, but he also worked with photography, printmaking, papermaking, and performance.〔 〕〔 (【引用サイトリンク】title= Robert Rauschenberg in "The Century's 25 Most Influential Artists" )〕 He was awarded the National Medal of Arts in 1993.〔(Lifetime Honors - National Medal of Arts )〕 He became the recipient of the Leonardo da Vinci World Award of Arts in 1995 in recognition of his more than 40 years of fruitful artmaking.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.consejoculturalmundial.org/winners-arts-robertrauschenberg.php )〕 Rauschenberg lived and worked in New York City as well as on Captiva Island, Florida until his death from heart failure on May 12, 2008.〔 ==Life and career== Rauschenberg was born as Milton Ernest Rauschenberg in Port Arthur, Texas, the son of Dora Carolina (née Matson) and Ernest R. Rauschenberg.〔(American Art Great Robert Rauschenberg Dies at 82 | theledger.com | The Ledger | Lakeland, FL )〕〔(Rauschenberg's Roots ), Theind, 2005〕 His father was of German and Cherokee ancestry and his mother of Anglo-Saxon descent.〔(The Great Permitter - Time )〕〔(Museum of the Gulf Coast - Robert Rauschenberg )〕 His parents were Fundamentalist Christians.〔 Rauschenberg was afflicted with dyslexia.〔Patricia Burstein (May 19, 1980), (In His Art and Life, Robert Rauschenberg Is a Man Who Steers His Own Daring Course ) ''People''.〕 At 16, Rauschenberg was admitted to the University of Texas where he began studying pharmacy.〔 He was drafted into the United States Navy in 1943. Based in California, he served as a mental hospital technician until his discharge in 1945.〔 Rauschenberg subsequently studied at the Kansas City Art Institute and the Académie Julian in Paris, France, where he met the painter Susan Weil. In 1948 Rauschenberg and Weil decided to attend Black Mountain College in North Carolina.〔 〕〔 (【引用サイトリンク】title= ''Rauschenberg: Art and Life'' )〕 Josef Albers, a founder of the Bauhaus, became Rauschenberg's painting instructor at Black Mountain. Albers' preliminary courses relied on strict discipline that did not allow for any "uninfluenced experimentation". Rauschenberg described Albers as influencing him to do "exactly the reverse" of what he was being taught. From 1949 to 1952 Rauschenberg studied with Vaclav Vytlacil and Morris Kantor at the Art Students League of New York, where he met fellow artists Knox Martin and Cy Twombly.〔Walter Hopps, Robert Rauschenberg: The Early 1950's, ISBN 0-940619-07-5〕 Rauschenberg married Susan Weil in 1950. Their only child, Christopher, was born July 16, 1951. They divorced in 1953.〔() Time magazine online, ''The Most Living Artist'' retrieved July 27, 2009〕 According to a 1987 oral history by the composer Morton Feldman, after the end of his marriage, Rauschenberg had romantic relationships with fellow artists Cy Twombly and Jasper Johns.〔() Richard Wood Massi, ''Captain Cook's first voyage: an Interview with Morton Feldman'' retrieved July 27, 2009〕 An article by Jonathan D. Katz states that Rauschenberg's affair with Twombly began during his marriage to Susan Weil.〔()''LOVERS AND DIVERS: INTERPICTORAL DIALOG IN THE WORK OF JASPER JOHNS AND ROBERT RAUSCHENBERG'' retrieved July 27, 2009〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Robert Rauschenberg」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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