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Rawwadid or Ravvadid (also Revend or Revendi) (955–1071), was a Kurdish〔Sharaf Khan Bidlisi The Sharafnam̂a (Rawwadi Kurds.. )〕〔Mehrdad R. Izady The Sharafnam̂a, or, The history of the Kurdish nation, 1597 ("Rawwadi Kurds.." )〕〔Ian Richard Netto, Encyclopaedia of Islam ("There was a succession of Kurdish dynasties such as ... Rawwadids of Tabriz and Azerbayjan" )〕 principality ruling Iranian Azerbaijan from the 10th to the early 11th centuries, centered on Tabriz and Maragheh.〔Jamie Stokes, ''Encyclopedia of the Peoples of Africa and the Middle East'', Volume 1, Infobase Publishing, 2009, ISBN 978-0-8160-7158-6, (p. 382. )〕 According to Minorsky and Bosworth, the Rawadids were originally from Arab ancestry, and arrived in the region in the mid eighth century,〔Vladimir Minorsky, Prehistory of Saladin http://rbedrosian.com/Ref/Minorsky/vmpsal1.htm#124.〕 but they had become Kurdicized by the early 10th century and began to use Kurdish forms like ''Mamlan'' for Muhammad and ''Ahmadil'' for Ahmad as their names〔C.E. Bosworth, ''The new Islamic dynasties'', 389 pages, Columbia University Press, 1996, ISBN 9780231107143 (p.150)〕〔''The Political and Dynastic History of the Iranian World'', C.E. Bosworth, The Cambridge History of Iran, ed. J. A. Boyle, John Andrew Boyle, (Cambridge University Press, 1968), 32. ISBN 9780521069366〕 The Rawandid tribe moved into Kurdistan in the mid eighth century, and it was known as a Kurdish tribe by the tenth century.〔Massoume Price, ''Iran's Diverse Peoples: A Reference Sourcebook'', ABC-CLIO, 2005, ISBN 9781576079935, (p. 43. )〕 The earliest form of the name is written "Rewend" in the Sharafnameh. According to Kasravi, Rawwadids conquered the lands of the Musafirid ruler Ibrahim I ibn Marzuban I, in Azarbaijan in 979. Wahsudan bin Mamlan is the best known Rawwadid ruler, and he is mentioned by Ibn Athir. The regions of Tabriz, Maragheh and the strongholds of Sahand mountain were in his possession. In 1029, he helped the Hadhbani Kurds in Maragheh to defeat the invading Oghuz Turkish tribes. Wahsudan also sent an expedition to Ardebil under the command of his son Mamlan II. The ruler (''sipahbod'') of Moghan had to submit to the conqueror. Mamlan also built a fortress in Ardebil.〔V. Minorsky, ''A Mongol Decree of 720/1320 to the Family of Shaykh Zahid'', Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London, 1954, p.524〕 Toghrul conquered the principality in 1054 CE, and he defeated the prince of Tabriz ''Wahsudan ibn Mamlan''.〔P. Blaum, ''(Diplomacy gone to seed: a history of Byzantine foreign relations, 1047-57 A.D. )'', International Journal of Kurdish Studies, Jan. 2005, p.15〕 In 1071, when Alp Arslan returned from his campaign against the Byzantine Empire, he deposed Mamlan. Wahsudan's successor, ''Ahmad bin Wahsudan'', lord of Maragheh, took part in the Muhammad Malik Shah's campaign against Syria in 1110 CE.〔()(see under ''Turkish Conquest'')〕 His full title was ''Ahmadil bin Ibrahim bin Wahsudan al-Rawwadi al-Kurdi''.〔(The Supreme Muslim Council: Islam Under the British Mandate for Palestine by Uri M. Kupferschmid )〕 Ahmadil took part in the crusades on behalf of Muslims. Joscelin made a peace treaty with him during the siege of Tell Bashir (in present-day southern Turkey, south-east of Gaziantep). He was stabbed to death by the Ismailis in 1117 in Baghdad. His descendants continued to rule Maragheh and Tabriz as Atabakane Maragha until the Mongol invasion in 1227.〔P. Bearman, Th. Bianquis, C.E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel, W.P. Heinrichs (editors), ''Encyclopaedia of Islam'' (Second Edition), "(Marāg̲h̲a )", Brill Online.〕〔Minorsky, ''(La Domination des Dailamites )'', presented in a Conference of the Societé des Etudes Iraniennes, Paris, 28 May 1931. Also see Minorsky, ''Daylam'' in the Encyclopaedia of Islam, 1962, pp. 189–94〕 ==Rawadid Rulers== #Muhammad Ibn Husain (? – c. 951 ?) #Husain I (955–988) #Mamlan I (988–1000) #Husain II (1000–1019) #Vahsudan (Wahsudan) (1019–1054) # Abu Nasr Mamlan II〔(The Cambridge History of Iran, Band 4 by R. N. Frye )〕 (1054–1071) 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Rawadid dynasty」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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