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The translation of "law" to other European languages faces several difficulties. In most European languages, as well as some others influenced by European languages, there are two different words that can be translated to English as "law". For the general comparison in this article the Latin terms "ius" and "lex" will be used. Etymologically, ''ius'' has some relation to ''right'', ''just'' or ''straight''. ==General== There are in English two more or less synonymous adjectives, both from Latin origin, that correspond etymologically to the Continental distinction: the common word ''legal'' and the less common ''jural'' (or even ''juristic''). However, the words ''ius'' and ''lex'' are not synonyms. ''Lex'' can sometimes be translated as ''legislation'', ''statute'', ''statutory law'' or even ''act'', even if the corresponding ''legislatio'', ''statutus'' and ''actus'' also exist. ''Lex'' is law made by a political authority, such as the Parliament or the Government. In modern societies, ''leges'' are usually written, though this is not a necessary feature. ''Lex'' is often used in the plural (''leges''), since each act is one ''lex''. On the other hand, ''ius'' is also polysemous, since it can mean either ''law'' or ''right''. Continental legal scholars sometimes make a distinction between "subjective ''ius''" (any legal right) and "objective ''ius''" (the whole law), but this does not happen in ordinary language. The two senses of ''ius'' can be easily distinguished in most cases. When ''ius'' means ''law'', it usually has some semantic connection to ''what is right'', ''just'' or ''straight''. For instance, the German motto ''Einigkeit und Recht und Freiheit'' (literally ''Unity and law and freedom'')) has been translated as ''Unity and justice and freedom'', even though there is a different word for ''justice'' (''Gerechtigkeit''). ''Lex'' does not have such a connection. Some translators of Kant's and Hegel's works have translated ''Recht'' as ''objective right'' (see Steiner, 2002, p. 276), although those works, especially Kant's, are just about law or, at most, about the best law. Present day continental law schools and faculties claim to study ''ius''. Mediaeval universities, on the contrary, usually had a faculty of ''leges''. English Wikipedia's article on "law" links to other languages Wikipedias' articles on the equivalent to ''ius''. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Translating "law" to other European languages」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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