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Redstarts are a group of small Old World birds. They were formerly classified in the thrush family (Turdidae), but are now known to be part of the Old World flycatcher family Muscicapidae. They are currently treated in four genera, the true redstarts ''Phoenicurus'', the closely related genera ''Chaimarrornis'' and ''Rhyacornis'', and the less closely related genus ''Hodgsonius''. These are insectivorous ground feeding birds, most of which have the red tail which gives the group its name; "start" is the modern English reflex of Middle English ''stert'', Old English ''steort'', tail of an animal. Most species are migratory, with northern species being long-distance migrants and more southerly species often being altitudinal migrants breeding at high altitude and moving lower down in winter. They are small insectivores, the males mostly brightly coloured in various combinations of red, blue, white, and black, the females light brown with a red tail.〔 Recent genetic studies have shown that the genus ''Phoenicurus'' is not monophyletic, but may be made so by the inclusion of ''Chaimarrornis'' and ''Rhyacornis'' within ''Phoenicurus'';〔Sangster, G., Alström, P., Forsmark, E., & Olsson, U. (2010). Multi-locus phylogenetic analysis of Old World chats and flycatchers reveals extensive paraphyly at family, subfamily and genus level (Aves: Muscicapidae). ''Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution'' 57: 380–392 (Full text )〕 this conclusion is yet to be taken up by the International Ornithological Congress.〔IOC World Bird List (Family Muscicapidae )〕 The New World redstarts in the genera ''Setophaga'' and ''Myioborus'' are not closely related; they are New World warblers in the family Parulidae. Members of the latter genus, with extensive white and no red in their tails, are now more often called "whitestarts".〔IOC World Bird List (Family Parulidae )〕 ==Species list== *Genus ''Phoenicurus'' * * Przevalski's redstart (''Phoenicurus alaschanicus'') * * Eversmann's redstart (''Phoenicurus erythronotus'') * * Blue-capped redstart (''Phoenicurus caeruleocephala'') * * Black redstart (''Phoenicurus ochruros'') * * Common redstart (''Phoenicurus phoenicurus'') * * Hodgson's redstart (''Phoenicurus hodgsoni'') * * White-throated redstart (''Phoenicurus schisticeps'') * * Daurian redstart (''Phoenicurus auroreus'') * * Moussier's redstart (''Phoenicurus moussieri'') * * Güldenstädt's redstart (''Phoenicurus erythrogastrus'') * * Blue-fronted redstart (''Phoenicurus frontalis'') *Genus ''Chaimarrornis'' * *White-capped redstart ''Chaimarrornis leucocephalus'' *Genus ''Rhyacornis'' * *Plumbeous redstart ''Rhyacornis fuliginosus'' * *Luzon water redstart ''Rhyacornis bicolor'' *Genus ''Hodgsonius'' * *White-bellied redstart ''Hodgsonius phaenicuroides'' 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Redstart」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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