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Reichshund
Reichshund ("dog of the Empire"〔Damon, "Kennel", ''Outing'', Volume 28, August 1896, (p. 110 ).〕〔Henry Vizetelly, ''Berlin under the New Empire: Its Institutions, Inhabitants, Industry, Monuments, Museums, Social Life, Manners, and Amusements'', Volume 1 London: Tinsley, 1879, , (p. 420 ).〕〔Bryce, p. 126.〕) was an informal term used in Germany for ''Reichskanzler'' Otto von Bismarck's dogs and more generally for similar dogs, particularly Great Danes.
==Bismarck's dogs==
Germans became able to own dogs freely as a result of the democratisation following the revolution of 1848. Keeping dogs became increasingly fashionable as the 19th century continued, and people in public life often did so as part of their image.〔Wolfgang Wippermann, "Biche und Blondi, Tyras und Timmy. Repräsentation durch Hunde", in: Lutz Huth and Michael Krzeminski, eds., ''Repräsentation in Politik, Medien und Gesellschaft'', Würzburg: Königshausen & Neumann, 2007, ISBN 9783826036262, pp. 185–202, (p. 192 ) 〕 Bismarck reportedly took a blonde Great Dane called Ariel with him when he entered the University of Göttingen in 1832.〔Arnold Oskar Meyer, ''Bismarck, der Mensch und der Staatsmann'', Stuttgart: Koehler, 1949, , (p. 16 ), cited in Ulrich Kühn, ''Der Grundgedanke der Politik Bismarcks'', Dettelbach: Röll, 2001, ISBN 9783897541900, (p. 161 ) 〕 He continued to keep Great Danes throughout the rest of his life.〔Occasionally the dogs are described as bulldogs, for example: Christopher McIntosh, ''The Swan King: Ludwig II of Bavaria'', rev. ed. London: Tauris, 2012, ISBN 9781848858473, (p. 172 ), Klaus Schlichtmann, ''Japan in the World: Shidehara Kijūrō, Pacifism, and the Abolition of War'', AsiaWorld, Lanham, Maryland: Lexington, 2009, ISBN 9780739126752, (n. 222, p. 88 ), quoting a speech by Kijūrō Shidehara, or mastiffs, for example: Frank Preston Stearns, ''The Life of Prince Otto Von Bismarck'', Philadelphia/London: Lippincott, 1899, , (p. 423 ), David Clay Large, ''Berlin'', New York: Basic, 2000, ISBN 9780465026463, (quoting Baroness von Spitzenberg ), James Bryce, Viscount Bryce, "Lecture V. Diplomacy and International Law", in: ''International relations: Eight Lectures Delivered in the United States in August, 1921'', The Institute of politics publications, Williams College, New York: Macmillan, 1922, , pp. 148–75, (p. 152 ): "a wolfhound, or something between a wolfhound and a mastiff".〕 His favourite was Sultan (shortened to 'Sultl' to avoid diplomatic repercussions with Turkey〔A() Ebers, ''Bismarck-Buch'', Hannover-List/Berlin: Meyer, 1909, , (p. 172 ) ; P. Hahn, ''Varzin: Persönliche Erinnerungen an den Fürsten Otto von Bismarck'', Berlin: Verlag des Vereins der Bücherfreunde, (), , (p. 40 ) 〕); on his deathbed he berated himself for not treating the dog better.〔 Sultan was a gift from the Bavarian Count Holnstein.〔Werner Richter, ''Ludwig II., König von Bayern'', 13th ed. Munich: Bruckmann, 1996, ISBN 9783765417580, (p. 207 ) 〕〔McIntosh, p. 172.〕 After Sultan's death on 26 October 1877, Bismarck could only be consoled by the gift of another Great Dane from Count Holnstein, Tyras.〔Wolfgang Wippermann and Detlef Berentzen, ''Die Deutschen und ihre Hunde: ein Sonderweg der Mentalitätsgeschichte?'', Munich: Siedler, 1999, ISBN 9783442755462, (p. 49 ) 〕 Tyras died on 18 January 1889; Emperor Wilhelm II gave Bismarck Tyras II for his birthday the following April 1.〔Heinrich Ritter von Poschinger, tr. and ed. Sidney Whitman, ''Conversations with Prince Bismarck'', New York/London: Harper, 1900, , (p. 127 ).〕 The dog died on 11 May 1896.〔Konrad Breitenborn, ''Bismarck: Kult und Kitsch um den Reichsgründer'', Frankfurt: Keip, 1990, ISBN 9783805100243, (p. 111 ) 〕
Bismarck also owned female Great Danes named Flora (nicknamed 'Flörchen'), who was Sultan's mate, and finally Rebecca (nicknamed Beckchen),〔Breitenborn, (p. 110 ).〕 who died in 1897. After receiving Tyras II from the emperor, Bismarck regretfully gave Tyras I's offspring, Cyrus, whom he had hand-reared, to his head forester.〔 Bismarck's dogs were buried at his estate in Varzin, in Pomerania (now Warcino, Poland); the gravestones were rediscovered by students at the forestry institute that now occupies the manor.〔Gerhard Gnauck, ("Der Kanzler in Pommern" ), ''Die Welt'', 18 October 2003 〕
Accounts of the dogs' temperament vary. Some historians have regarded Bismarck's choice of the largest available breed and his habit of having a dog with him, which would disconcert foreign diplomats, as calculated demonstrations of power.〔 Former diplomat James Bryce, Viscount Bryce referred to the dog as "now and then growl() and show() its teeth in a threatening way",〔 and diplomat and President of Japan Kijūrō Shidehara said in a speech that "the dog threatened to bite anyone who would provoke his master's displeasure."〔Quoted in Schlichtmann, p. 88.〕 Robert K. Massie describes Tyras as "terrori() the Chancellory staff" and writes that those who spoke with Bismarck were "advised to make no unusual gestures which Tiras might interpret as threatening."〔Robert K. Massie, ''Dreadnought: Britain, Germany, and the Coming of the Great War'', 1991, New York: Random House-Ballantine, 1992, ISBN 978-0-307-81993-2, (n.p. )〕 On the other hand Tyras was said by one contemporary to have "never been guilty of any such ill-mannered act before" his celebrated misbehaviour,〔 and the English periodical ''The Spectator'' described him at the time as "a very quiet creature, with a most pacific reputation."〔("News of the Week" ), ''The Spectator'', volume 51, no. 2608, 22 June 1878.〕
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