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Rephaite
In the Hebrew Bible and other non-Jewish ancient texts from the region, the North-West Semitic term Rephaite (Heb. plural רפאים, Rephaim; Phoenician: '〔Booth, Scott W. . 2007. p.196.〕) refers either to a race of giants, or to dead ancestors who are residents of the Netherworld.
==Race of giants==
In the Hebrew Bible, "Rephaites" or "Rephaim" can describe an ancient race of giants in Iron Age Israel, or the places where these individuals were thought to have lived. According to , King Chedorlaomer and his allies attacked and defeated the Rephaites at Ashteroth-Karnaim. Rephaites are also mentioned at ; , ; , , , , ; , ; and , and .
In the biblical narrative, the Israelites were instructed to exterminate the previous inhabitants of the "promised land", i.e. Canaan, which include various named peoples, including some unusually tall/large individuals. Several passages in the Book of Joshua, and also , suggest that Og, the King of Bashan, was one of the last survivors of the Rephaim, and that his bed was 9 cubits long in ordinary cubits. (An ordinary cubit is the length of a man's forearm according to the New American Standard Bible, or approximately 18 inches, which differs from a royal cubit. This makes the bed over 13 feet long, even longer if the cubit was based on a giant's forearm). Anak, according to , was a Rephaite.
The area of Moab at Ar (the region east of the Jordan), before the time of Moses, was also considered the land of the Rephaites. notes that the Ammonites called the Rephaites "Zamzummim", a term which is related to the Hebrew word זמזם, which literally translates into "Buzzers", or "the people whose speech sounds like buzzing." In Arabic the word زمزم (zamzama) translates as "to rumble, roll (thunder); murmur". In , the Moabites referred to them as the "Emim".
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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