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Reversis
Reversis, or more rarely, ''Réversi'', is a very old trick-taking card game of the Hearts group whose origin is supposed to be Italian, transformed into Spain and then in France. It is considered one of the two probable ancestor of Hearts and Black Maria, the other being Conquimbert, or Losing Lodam. It was very popular with the French aristocracy in the 17th and 18th centuries, and much played elsewhere, except in Britain.〔Oxford Dictionary of Card Games, p. 237, David Parlett ISBN 0-19-869173-4〕 The game involved vast quantities of counters and a complex system of pools and side-payments. Its name may have possibly come from the reverse order and construction of the game itself, or even from an exceptional slam bid which, like “shooting the moon” in the game of Hearts, reverses the whole normal practice of the game.
==History==
The game of Reversis was first mentioned in France in 1601, under the name Reversin, played with a 52-card pack. Jean-Baptiste Bullet suggested it was invented in the Court of Francis I.〔''Researches into the history of playing cards'', p. 266, Samuel Weller Singer - London 1816〕 Reversis is a subtle game which knew important additions, in particular towards the end of the 18th century in the form of options. At the 19th century the game, the increasingly popular game of Reversis saw its rules becoming more and more complex with the exclusive use of preceding options making it a high-tension kind of game. It was long thought to be a game of Spanish origin, once a 48-card pack was used, besides its counter-clockwise rotation and the words Quinola, name of a 17th-century Spanish admiral, and Espagnolette, but it more probably originated in Italy where a negative variety of Tressette called Rovescino is still played.
The highest cards were best in the usual method of play, but in this the lowest had the preference. The Jack was a better card than the King, and one of them, the Jack of Hearts, was called the quinola, just like at Primero. The strange incongruity of this inverted order of things made the Spaniards, when this game became known to them, give it the appropriate denomination of ''La Gana pierde'', that is, the winner loses.〔Rules for the game of reversis - printed by W. Hallhead, Dublin 1777〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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