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Rhinovirus
''Rhinoviruses'' (from the Greek (gen.) "nose") are the most common viral infectious agents in humans and are the predominant cause of the common cold. Rhinovirus infection proliferates in temperatures between 33–35 °C (91–95 °F), the temperatures found in the nose. Rhinoviruses comprise three species in the genus ''Enterovirus'' of the ''Picornaviridae'' family of viruses.
There are 99 recognized types of human rhinoviruses that differ according to their surface proteins. They are lytic in nature and are among the smallest viruses, with diameters of about 30 nanometers. By comparison, other viruses, such as smallpox and vaccinia, are around 10 times larger at about 300 nanometers.
== Transmission and epidemiology ==
(詳細はcommon colds. Symptoms include sore throat, runny nose, nasal congestion, sneezing and cough; sometimes accompanied by muscle aches, fatigue, malaise, headache, muscle weakness, or loss of appetite. Fever and extreme exhaustion are more usual in influenza. Children may have six to twelve colds a year. In the United States, the incidence of colds is higher in the autumn and winter, with most infections occurring between September to April. The seasonality may be due to the start of the school year and to people spending more time indoors (thus in proximity with each other), thereby increasing the chance of transmission of the virus. Lower ambient, especially outdoor, temperatures may also be factor given that rhinoviruses preferentially replicate at 32°C (89°F) as opposed to 37°C (98°F) – see following section.
Those most affected by the rhinovirus are infants, elderly and immunocompromised people.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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