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''Rhodeus'' is a genus of cyprinid fish, consisting of 22 species called bitterlings. The scientific name is derived from the Greek word ''rhodeos'', meaning "rose". Most species in the genus are restricted to Asia, but two species are found in Europe (''R. amarus'' and ''R. meridionalis''). Bitterlings are short-lived species, generally surviving only about five years. Their maximum size is 11 cm, but they are usually much shorter. Bitterlings inhabit slow-flowing or still waters, such as ponds, lakes, marshes, muddy and sandy pools, and river backwaters. Because they depend on freshwater mussels to reproduce, their range is restricted. Bitterlings are omnivorous, feeding on both invertebrates and plants. Bitterlings have a remarkable reproduction strategy where parents transfer responsibility for the care of their young to various species of freshwater mussels (Unionidae and Margaritiferidae). The female extends her long ovipositor into the mantle cavity of the mussel and deposits her eggs between the gill filaments. The male then ejects his sperm into the mussel's inhalent water current and fertilization takes place within the gills of the host. The same female may use a number of mussels, and she deposits only one or two yellow, oval eggs into each. Early developmental stages are protected from predation within the body of the mussel. After 3 to 4 weeks, larvae swim away from the hosts to continue life on their own. In 1936, the bitterling was thought to respond to hormones in a pregnant woman's urine, but the work was later discredited. ==Species== This genus and ''Acheilognathus'' have a convoluted taxonomic history, one being at times included in the other. They are now considered separate, but some species formerly in ''Rhodeus'' are now in ''Acheilognathus''. There are currently 22 recognized species in this genus: * ''Rhodeus albomarginatus'' F. Li & R. Arai, 2014 〔Li, F. & Arai, R. (2014): ''Rhodeus albomarginatus'', a new bitterling (Teleostei: Cyprinidae: Acheilognathinae) from China. ''Zootaxa, 3790 (1): 165–176.''〕 * ''Rhodeus amarus'' Bloch, 1782 (European bitterling) * ''Rhodeus amurensis'' Vronsky, 1967 * ''Rhodeus atremius'' D. S. Jordan & W. F. Thompson, 1914 (Kyushu bitterling) * ''Rhodeus colchicus'' Bogutskaya & Komlev, 2001 * ''Rhodeus fangi'' C. P. Miao, 1934 * ''Rhodeus haradai'' R. Arai, N. Suzuki & S. C. Shen, 1990 * ''Rhodeus laoensis'' Kottelat, A. Doi & Musikasinthorn, 1998 * ''Rhodeus lighti'' H. W. Wu, 1931 (Light's bitterling) * ''Rhodeus meridionalis'' S. L. Karaman, 1924 * ''Rhodeus monguonensis'' G. L. Li, 1989 * ''Rhodeus ocellatus'' Kner, 1866 (Rosy bitterling) * ''Rhodeus pseudosericeus'' R. Arai, S. R. Jeon & Ueda, 2001 * ''Rhodeus rheinardti'' Tirant, 1883 * ''Rhodeus sciosemus'' D. S. Jordan & W. F. Thompson, 1914 * ''Rhodeus sericeus'' Pallas, 1776 (Amur bitterling) * ''Rhodeus shitaiensis'' F. Li & R. Arai, 2011 * ''Rhodeus sinensis'' Günther, 1868 * ''Rhodeus smithii'' Regan, 1908 * ''Rhodeus spinalis'' Ōshima, 1926 * ''Rhodeus suigensis'' T. Mori, 1935 * ''Rhodeus uyekii'' T. Mori, 1935 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Rhodeus」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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