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Rhodoferax
''Rhodoferax'' is a genus of ''β-Proteobacteria'' belonging to the purple non-sulfur bacteria, a polyphyletic group of phototrophic bacteria.〔 Originally ''Rhodoferax'' strains were included in the ''Rhodocyclus'' genus as the ''Rhodocyclus gelatinous''-like (RGL) group.〔Hiraishi, A., Hoshino, Y., & Satoh, T. (1991). ''Rhodoferax fermentans'' gen. nov., sp. nov., a phototrophic purple nonsulfur bacterium previously referred to as the ''Rhodocyclus gelatinosus''-like group. Archives of microbiology, 155(4), 330-336.〕 The ''Rhodoferax'' genus was first proposed in 1991 in order to accommodate the taxonomic and phylogenetic discrepancies arising from its inclusion in the ''Rhodocyclus'' genus.〔 ''Rhodoferax'' currently comprises three described species: ''Rhodoferax fermentans'', ''Rhodoferax antarcticus'', and ''Rhodoferax ferrireducens''.〔〔 The most recent addition, ''R. ferrireducens'', lacks the typical phototrophic character common to the other ''Rhodoferax'' species.〔 This difference has led researchers to propose the creation of a new genus, ''Albidoferax'', to accommodate this divergent species.〔Ramana, C. V., & Sasikala, C. (2009). ''Albidoferax'', a new genus of Comamonadaceae and reclassification of ''Rhodoferax ferrireducens'' (Finneran et al., 2003) as ''Albidoferax ferrireducens'' comb. nov. The Journal of General and Applied Microbiology, 55(4), 301-304.〕
== Taxonomy ==
''Rhodoferax'' are Gram-negative rods, ranging in diameter from 0.5 to 0.9 µm with a single polar flagellum.〔Imhoff, J. F. (2006). The phototrophic ''β-Proteobacteria''. In The Prokaryotes (pp. 593-601). Springer New York.〕 The first two species described for the genus, ''R. fermentans'' and ''R. antarcticus'', are facultative photoheterotrophs that can grow anaerobically when exposed to light and aerobically under dark conditions at atmospheric levels of oxygen.〔 ''R. ferrireducens'' is a non-phototrophic facultative anaerobe capable of reducing Fe(III) at temperatures as low as 4°C.〔Finneran, K. T., Johnsen, C. V., & Lovley, D. R. (2003). ''Rhodoferax ferrireducens'' sp. nov., a psychrotolerant, facultatively anaerobic bacterium that oxidizes acetate with the reduction of Fe (III). International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology, 53(3), 669-673.〕 All ''Rhodoferax'' species possess ubiquinone and rhodoquinone derivatives with eight unit isoprenoid side chains.〔 Dominant fatty acids in ''Rhodoferax'' cells are palmitoleic acid (16:1) and palmitic acid (16:0), as well as 3-OH octanoic acid (8:0).〔 Major carotenoids found in the phototrophic species are spheroidene, OH-spheroidene, and spirilloxanthin.〔
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