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Rhynchospora
''Rhynchospora'' (beak-rush or beak-sedge) is a genus of about 400 species of sedges with a cosmopolitan distribution.〔(Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families )〕〔Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. & Strong, M.T. (2005). Monocotyledons and Gymnosperms of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands. Contributions from the United States National Herbarium 52: 1-415.〕〔Strong, M.T. (2006). Taxonomy and distribution of ''Rhynchospora'' (Cyperaceae) in the Guianas, South America. Contributions from the United States National Herbarium 53: 1-225.〕〔Govaerts, R. & Simpson, D.A. (2007). World Checklist of Cyperaceae. Sedges: 1-765. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.〕〔(Flora of China, Vol. 23 Page 253, 刺子莞属 ci zi guan shu, ''Rhynchospora'' Vahl, Enum. Pl. 2: 229. 1805. )〕〔(Flora of North America, Vol. 23 Page 200, ''Rhynchospora'' Vahl, Enum. Pl. 2: 229. 1805 (as ''Rynchospora'') )〕〔Gale, S. 1944. ''Rhynchospora'' sect. ''Eurhynchospora'' in Canada, the United States and the West Indies. Rhodora 46: 80–134, 159–197, 255–278.〕 〔Kral, R. 1996. Supplemental notes on ''Rhynchospora crinipes'' and related species in sect. ''Fuscae'' (Cyperaceae). Sida 17: 385–411.〕 〔Kükenthal, G. 1949–1951. Vorarbeiten zu einer Monographie der Rhynchosporoideae 18. ''Rhynchospora'' Vahl. Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 74: 375–509; 75: 90–115, 273–314, 451–497.〕〔Thomas, W. W. 1994. 1. ''Rhynchospora'' Vahl. 6: 404–422. In G. Davidse, M. Sousa Sánchez & A.O. Chater (eds.) Flora Mesoamericana. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, D. F. 〕 The genus includes both annual and perennial species, mostly with erect 3-sided stems and 3-ranked leaves. The achenes bear a beak-like tubercule (hence the name “beak-rush”, although the plants are sedges, not rushes) and are sometimes subtended by bristles. Many of the species are similar in vegetative appearance, and mature fruits are needed to make a positive identification.
The infloresences (spikelets) are sometimes subtended by bracts which can be leaf-like or showy.
==Ecology==
''Rhynchospora'' occurs on all continents except Antarctica, but is most diverse the neotropics.〔Thomas, W.W. 1992. A synopsis of ''Rhynchospora'' (Cyperaceae) in Mesoamerica. ''Brittonia'' 44:14–44.〕 It is most frequent in sunny habitats with wet, acidic soils.〔Kral, R. 2002. ''Rhynchospora''. In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee, eds. 1993+. Flora of North America North of Mexico. 15+ vols. New York and Oxford. Vol. 23 pp. 200-239.〕 In marshes and savannas, ''Rhynchospora'' may be the dominant form of vegetation.
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