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''SS-Obergruppenführer'' Ulrich Friedrich Wilhelm Joachim von Ribbentrop (30 April 1893 – 16 October 1946) was Foreign Minister of Nazi Germany from 1938 until 1945. Ribbentrop first came to Adolf Hitler's notice as a well-travelled businessman with more knowledge of the outside world than most senior Nazis and as an authority on world affairs. He offered his house for the secret meetings in January 1933 that resulted in Hitler's appointment as Chancellor of Germany. He became a close confidant of Adolf Hitler, to the disgust of some party members, who thought him superficial and lacking in talent. He was nevertheless appointed Ambassador to the Court of St James (for the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland) in 1936 and then Foreign Minister of Germany in February 1938. Before World War II, he played a key role in brokering the Pact of Steel (an alliance with fascist Italy) and the Soviet–German non-aggression pact, known as the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact. After 1941, Ribbentrop's influence declined. Arrested in June 1945, Ribbentrop was tried at the Nuremberg trials and convicted for his role in starting World War II and enabling the Holocaust. On 16 October 1946, he became the first of those sentenced to death to be hanged. ==Early life== Joachim von Ribbentrop was born in Wesel, Rhenish Prussia, to Richard Ulrich Friedrich Joachim Ribbentrop, a career army officer, and his wife Johanne Sophie Hertwig.〔Bloch, pp. 1–2〕 From 1904 to 1908, Ribbentrop took French courses in a school at Metz,〔''Les années liberté, 1944–1945,'' Le Républicain Lorrain, Metz, 1994, (p. 32). (fr)〕 the German Empire's most powerful fortress.〔L’Express, n° 2937, « Metz en 1900 », 18–24 October 2007. (fr)〕 A former teacher later recalled that Ribbentrop "was the most stupid in his class, full of vanity and very pushy".〔Weitz, p. 6〕 His father was cashiered from the German Imperial Army in 1908 - after repeatedly disparaging Kaiser Wilhelm II for his alleged homosexuality - and the Ribbentrop family was often short of money.〔Bloch, p. 5〕 For the next 18 months, the family moved to Arosa, Switzerland, where the children continued to be taught by French and English private tutors, and Ribbentrop spent his free time skiing and mountaineering.〔Bloch, pp. 3–4〕 Following the stay in Arosa, Ribbentrop was sent to Britain for a year to improve his knowledge of the English language. Fluent in both French and English, young Ribbentrop lived at various times in Grenoble, France, and London, before travelling to Canada in 1910.〔Bloch, p. 6〕 He worked for the Molsons Bank on Stanley Street in Montreal, and then for the engineering firm M. P. and J. T. Davis on the Quebec Bridge reconstruction. He was also employed by the National Transcontinental Railway, which constructed a line from Moncton to Winnipeg. He worked as a journalist in New York City and Boston, but returned to Germany to recover from tuberculosis.〔Weitz, p. 13〕 He returned to Canada and set up a small business in Ottawa importing German wine and champagne.〔Bloch, p. 7〕 In 1914, he competed for Ottawa's famous Minto ice-skating team and participated in the Ellis Memorial Trophy tournament in Boston in February.〔 When the First World War began later in 1914, Ribbentrop left Canada, which was at war with Germany as part of the British Empire, and moved to the neutral United States.〔Bloch, p. 8〕 He sailed from Hoboken, New Jersey, on 15 August 1914 on the Holland-America ship ''The Potsdam'', bound for Rotterdam.〔 Upon his return to Germany, he enlisted in the 12th Hussar Regiment.〔( ''Current Biography 1941'' ), pp. 707–709〕 Ribbentrop served first on the Eastern Front, but was later transferred to the Western Front.〔 He earned a commission and was awarded the Iron Cross. In 1918, 1st Lieutenant Ribbentrop was stationed in Istanbul as a staff officer.〔Bloch, pp. 8–9〕 During his time in Turkey, he became friends with another staff officer named Franz von Papen.〔Bloch, p. 9〕 In 1919, Ribbentrop met Anna Elisabeth Henkell ("Annelies" to her friends),〔Bloch, p. 12〕 the daughter of a wealthy Wiesbaden wine-producer. They married on 5 July 1920, and Ribbentrop travelled throughout Europe as a wine salesman. He and Annelies had five children together.〔Bloch, pp. 12–13〕 In 1925 his aunt, Gertrud von Ribbentrop, adopted him, which allowed him to add the nobiliary particle ''von'' to his name. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Joachim von Ribbentrop」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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