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Ribeiroia
''Ribeiroia'' is a group of trematode parasites (or flatworms) that sequentially infect freshwater snails in the family Planorbidae (ramshorn snails) as first intermediate hosts, fish and larval amphibians as second intermediate hosts, and birds and mammals as definitive hosts (see chapter Life Cycle). In North America, infection by ''Ribeiroia'' has been linked to amphibians with limb malformations. The connection between parasitic infection and limb malformations has generated questions about (a) whether parasite-induced malformations in amphibians are increasing (see chapter Evidence for Emergence), and (b) the consequences of such abnormalities for amphibian population conservation (see chapter Parasite-induced Malformations and Amphibian Conservation).
== ''Ribeiroia'' taxonomy ==
''Ribeiroia'' is a genus of parasites in the class Trematoda, phylum Platyhelminthes. Currently three species and one subspecies of ''Ribeiroia'' are recognized: ''R. ondatrae'' in North America, ''R. marini'' in the Caribbean, ''R. m. guadeloupensis'' on the Caribbean island of Guadeloupe, and ''R. congolensis'' in Africa (Johnson et al. 2004). The trematode ''Cercaria lileta'' is also closely related to ''Ribeiroia'', and molecular sequence data indicates that it may actually be a species of ''Ribeiroia'' (Johnson et al. 2004). All species of ''Ribeiroia'' share the distinctive morphological characteristic of esophageal diverticula (i.e., two short, dead-end branches that extend laterally from the esophagus). Other genera closely related to ''Ribeiroia'' include ''Trifolium, Cathemasia'', and ''Echinostoma'' (Johnson et al. 2004). See Johnson et al. (2004) for more details on morphological and ecological differences as well as phylogenetic relationships between these species.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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