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Riddle
A riddle is a statement or question or phrase having a double or veiled meaning, put forth as a puzzle to be solved. Riddles are of two types: ''enigmas'', which are problems generally expressed in metaphorical or allegorical language that require ingenuity and careful thinking for their solution, and ''conundra'', which are questions relying for their effects on punning in either the question or the answer.
Archer Taylor says that “we can probably say that riddling is a universal art” and cites riddles from hundreds of different cultures including Finnish, Hungarian, American Indian, Chinese, Russian, Dutch and Filipino sources amongst many others.〔''English Riddles from Oral Tradition''〕 Hamnett analyzes African riddling from an anthropological viewpoint.〔“Ambiguity Classification and Change: the Function of Riddles”, ''Man'', 2( 1967), pp. 379–391.〕
==Definitions==
Defining riddles precisely is hard and has attracted a fair enough of scholarly debate. One definition famous in Anglophone scholarship is that of Alan Dundes and Robert A. Georges: 'a riddle is a traditional verbal expression which contains one or more descriptive elements, a pair of which may be in opposition; the referent of the elements is to be guessed'.〔'Towards a Structural Definition of the Riddle', ''Journal of American Folklore'', 76 (1963), 111-18 (rprt. in Alan Dundes, ''Analytic Essays in Folklore'' (The Hague: Mouton, 1975), pp. 95-102.〕 In some traditions and contexts, riddles may overlap with proverbs. Thus 'Nothing hurts it, but it groans all the time' can be deployed as a proverb (when its referent is a hypocrite) or as a riddle (when its referent is a pig).〔Alan Dundes, 'On the Structure of the Proverb', in ''Analytic Essays in Folklore'', ed. by Richard Dorson (The Hague: Mouton, 1975), pp. 103-8.〕
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