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ImageSize = width:590 height:120 PlotArea = width:570 height:25 left:5 bottom:60 TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal DateFormat = yyyy Period = from:-250 till:2000 AlignBars = early ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:200 start:-200 ScaleMinor = unit:year increment:50 start:-200 Colors = id:turkiz value:rgb(0,0.76,0.76) id:treaty value:rgb(0.6,0.8,0.6) id:lightgrey value:rgb(0.6,0.8,0.4) id:darkgrey value:rgb(0.6,0.8,0) id:Celadon value:rgb(0.67,1,0.68) id:TeaGreen value:rgb(0.81,0.94,0.75) Define $hx = 15 # shift text to right side of bar PlotData = bar:Leaders color:blue width:20 align:left fontsize:s from:-250 till:0 color:treaty shift:(-10,$hx) text:Zugot from:0 till:220 color:turkiz shift:(-15,$hx) text:Tannaim from:220 till:500 color:TeaGreen shift:(-20,$hx) text:Amoraim from:500 till:625 color:darkgrey shift:(-20,$hx) text:Savoraim from:625 till:1050 color:turkiz shift:(-15,$hx) text:Geonim from:1050 till:1500 color:TeaGreen shift:(-20,$hx) text:Rishonim from:1500 till:2000 color:treaty shift:(-20,$hx) text:Acharonim LineData = layer:front # all lines in front of bars unless stated otherwise from:1050 till:1500 atpos:65 color:red width:2 Legend = columns:4 left:125 top:25 columnwidth:150 Colors = id:aaa value:red legend:Era_of_the_Rishonim Rishonim (; (ヘブライ語:ראשונים); sing. ראשון, ''Rishon'', "the first ones") were the leading Rabbis and ''Poskim'' who lived approximately during the 11th to 15th centuries, in the era before the writing of the ''Shulchan Aruch'' (Hebrew: שׁוּלחָן עָרוּך, "Set Table", the code of Jewish law, 1563 CE) and following the ''Geonim'' (589-1038 CE). Rabbinic scholars subsequent to the ''Shulkhan Arukh'' are generally known as "''Acharonim'' ("the latter ones"). The distinction between the ''Rishonim'' and the ''Geonim'' is meaningful historically; in ''Halakha'' (Jewish Law) the distinction is less important. According to a widely held view in Orthodox Judaism, the Acharonim generally cannot dispute the rulings of rabbis of previous eras unless they find supports of other rabbis in previous eras. On the other hand, this view is not formally a part of ''halakha'' itself, and according to some rabbis is a violation of the halakhic system.〔See Kesef Mishna (Maamrim 2:2), Kovetz Igros Chazon Ish (2:26)〕 In the ''The Principles of Jewish Law'' Orthodox rabbi Menachem Elon writes that: ==Some Rishonim== * Abba Mari, (''Minhat Kenaot''), 13th century Provençal rabbi. * Don Isaac Abravanel, (''Abarbanel''), 15th century philosopher and Torah commentator * Israel Bruna, (Mahari Bruna), 15th century German Rabbi and Posek * Abraham ibn Daud, (''Sefer HaKabbalah''), 12th century Spanish philosopher * Abraham ibn Ezra, (''Ibn Ezra''), 12th century Spanish-North African Biblical commentator * David Abudirham, said to be a student of the Baal Ha-Turim (but this is doubtful) * Samuel ben Jacob Jam'a, 12th century North African rabbi and scholar * Asher ben Jehiel, (''Rosh''), 13th century German-Spanish Talmudist * David Kimhi, ''(RaDaK'') 12th century French biblical commentator, philosopher, and grammarian * Yaakov ben Moshe Levi Moelin, ''(Maharil)'', 14th century codifier of German minhag * Obadiah ben Abraham of Bertinoro, ''(Bartenura)'', 15th century commentator on the Mishnah * Bahya ibn Paquda, (''Hovot ha-Levavot''), 11th century Spanish philosopher and moralist * Hasdai Crescas, (''Or Hashem''), 14th century Talmudist and philosopher * Dunash ben Labrat, 10th century grammarian and poet * Rabbenu Gershom, 11th century German Talmudist and legalist * Gersonides, Levi ben Gershom, (''Ralbag''), 14th century French Talmudist and philosopher * Eliezer ben Nathan, 12th century poet and pietist * Hillel ben Eliakim, (''Rabbeinu Hillel''), 12th century Talmudist and disciple of ''Rashi'' * Ibn Tibbon, a family of 12th and 13th century Spanish and French scholars, translators, and leaders * Isaac Alfasi, (the ''Rif''), 11th century North African and Spanish Talmudist and Halakhist; author of ''"Sefer Ha-halachoth"''. * Jacob ben Asher, (''Baal ha-Turim'' ; ''Arbaah Turim''), 14th century German-Spanish Halakhist * Joseph Albo, (''Sefer Ikkarim''), 15th century Spain * Joseph ibn Migash 12th century Spanish Talmudist and rosh yeshiva; teacher of Maimon, father of Maimonides * Meir Abulafia, (''Yad Ramah''), 13th century Spanish Talmudist * Maimonides, Moshe Ben Maimon, (''Rambam''), 12th century Spanish-North African Talmudist, philosopher, and law codifier * Mordecai ben Hillel, (''The Mordechai''), 13th century German Halakhist * Nahmanides, Moshe ben Nahman, (''Ramban''), 13th century Spanish and Holy Land mystic and Talmudist * Nissim of Gerona, (''RaN''), 14th century Halakhist and Talmudist * Rashi, (Solomon ben Yitzchak), 11th century Talmudist, the primary commentator of Talmud * Elazar Rokeach, (''Sefer HaRokeach''), 12th century German rabbinic scholar * Samuel ben Judah ibn Tibbon, 12th-13th century French Maimonidean philosopher and translator * Tosafists, (''Tosafot''), 11th, 12th and 13th century Talmudic scholars in France and Germany * Yehuda Halevi, (''Kuzari''), 12th century Spanish philosopher and poet devoted to Zion * Menachem Meiri, (''Meiri''), 13th century Talmudist * Yom Tov Asevilli, (''Ritva''), 13th century Talmudist * Yitzhak Saggi Nehor, (Isaac the Blind), 12th-13th century Provençal Kabbalist * Solomon ben Aderet, (''Rashba''), 13th century Talmudist * Aharon HaLevi, (''Ra'ah''), 13th century Talmudist * Zerachiah ha-Levi of Girona, (''Baal Ha-Maor'') 12th century Talmudist * Meshullam ben Jacob, ''(Rabbeinu Meshullam Hagodol)'', 12th century Talmudist * Joseph Caspi, 13th–14th century talmudist, grammarian, and philosopher 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Rishonim」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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