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''Rituel in memoriam Bruno Maderna'' (1974–75) is a composition for large chamber ensemble in eight groups by the French composer Pierre Boulez. It was first performed in London, 2 April 1975, by the BBC Symphony Orchestra conducted by Boulez.〔Jameux 1991, 351.〕 The work was written after the death of Boulez's fellow composer Bruno Maderna, and Boulez describes it as "A ceremony of memory, in which there are numerous repetitions of the same formulas, in constantly changing profiles and perspectives".〔In the program booklet for the second part of the IRCAM concert series ''Passage du XXe siècle'' (Sept.–Dec. 1977): 5, cited in Blumröder 1982, 184.〕 The work makes use of multiple groups of musicians (each with different instruments), widely separated across the performance space, as in many of Maderna's works (e.g. ''Quadrivium'', 1969). There are eight groups, each one featuring different instruments, with every group but brass conducted by a percussionist keeping the individual tempo of the group; thus the groups have a rhythmic independence of each other, though there is a larger scale organization directed by a primary conductor.〔Jean-Pierre Derrien, CD inlay booklet for ''Notations, Figures-doubles-prismes, Rituel'', Naïve MO 782163 (Lyons, 2002).〕 Boulez based the tonal structure of ''Rituel'' largely on a set of seven tones, corresponding to the number of the letters in the name "Maderna".〔 Blumröder 2006; Jameux 1991, 355–56.〕 These are the same pitches used in the row of ''…explosante-fixe…''.〔Campbell, Edward (2010). ''Boulez, Music and Philosophy'', p.206. ISBN 978-0-521-86242-4.〕 ==References== 〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Rituel in memoriam Bruno Maderna」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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