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Robert Erskine
Robert Erskine (1735 – 1780) was a Scottish inventor and engineer who came to the British Thirteen Colonies in 1771 to run the ironworks at Ringwood, New Jersey, and later became sympathetic to the movement for independence. In 1776 during the American Revolutionary War, he designed an underwater cheval-de-frise installed across the Hudson River at the north end of Manhattan to prevent passage of British ships upriver. General George Washington appointed him as Geographer and Surveyor General of the Continental Army at the rank of colonel; Erskine drew more than 275 maps, mostly of the Northeast region.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Department of the Geographer to the Army, 1777-1783 )〕
==Early life==
Born in Scotland, Erskine attended the University of Edinburgh. As a young man, he started a business, but it failed. He invented the "Continual Stream Pump" and "Platometer", a centrifugal hydraulic engine, and experimented with other hydraulic systems. He became known as an inventor and engineer of some renown in his native land.
Erskine also became active in civic issues and increasingly gained the respect of his community. In 1771 at the age of 36, he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society, a prestigious appointment in the scientific community.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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