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Robert Todd Lincoln (August 1, 1843 – July 26, 1926) was an American politician, lawyer, and businessman. He was the first son of President Abraham Lincoln and Mary Todd Lincoln. Born in Springfield, Illinois, United States, he was the only one of Lincoln's four sons to live to adulthood (not including his brother Tad Lincoln who died shortly after his eighteenth birthday), and the only member of the Abraham and Mary Todd Lincoln family to survive into the 1900s. Lincoln attended Harvard University, and then served on the staff of Ulysses S. Grant as a captain in the Union Army in the closing days of the American Civil War. Following completion of law school in Chicago, he built a successful law practice, becoming wealthy representing corporate clients. After the war Lincoln married Mary Eunice Harlan, the daughter of a United States Senator. They remained married until his death, and were the parents of three children. Active in Republican politics, and a tangible symbol of his father's legacy, Robert Lincoln was often spoken of as a possible candidate for office, including the presidency, but never took steps to mount a campaign. The one office to which he was elected was Town Supervisor of South Chicago, which he held from 1876 to 1877. (The town later became part of the city of Chicago.) He did accept appointments as Secretary of War in the administrations of James A. Garfield and Chester A. Arthur, and Minister to England in the Benjamin Harrison administration. After having served as counsel to the Pullman Palace Car Company, in 1897 he succeeded George Pullman as the company's president, and he remained affiliated with the company as president or chairman of the board until his death. In Lincoln's later years he resided at homes in Washington, D.C. and Manchester, Vermont. The Manchester home, Hildene, was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1977. In 1922 he took part in the dedication ceremonies for the Lincoln Memorial. A dedicated amateur astronomer and golfer, Lincoln remained active almost until his death. He died at Hildene on July 26, 1926, and was buried at Arlington National Cemetery. ==Family and early life== Lincoln was born in Springfield, Illinois on August 1, 1843, to Abraham Lincoln (1809–1865) and Mary Todd Lincoln (1818–1882). He had three younger brothers, Edward Baker Lincoln (1846–1850), William Wallace Lincoln (1850–1862) and Thomas "Tad" Lincoln (1853–1871). By the time Lincoln was born, his father had become a well-known member of the Whig political party and had previously served as a member of the state legislature for four terms. Robert Lincoln was named after his maternal grandfather. By the time his father became President of the United States, Lincoln was the only one of the President's three children to be largely on his own. He took the Harvard University entrance examination in 1859, but failed fifteen out of the sixteen subjects. He was then enrolled at Phillips Exeter Academy to further prepare for attending college, and he graduated in 1860. Admitted to Harvard College, he graduated in 1864, and was a member of the Hasty Pudding Club and the Delta Kappa Epsilon (Alpha chapter). Morris states after gaining admission to Harvard, Robert Lincoln emerged from college an "unsympathetic bore." After graduating from Harvard, Lincoln enrolled at Harvard Law School. When he initially expressed interest in the law school to his father, President Lincoln made reference to his own pleasant, but informal legal training by stating "If you do, you should learn more than I ever did, but you will never have so good a time." Robert Lincoln attended Harvard Law School from September, 1864 to January, 1865, and left in order to join the Union Army. Much to the embarrassment of the President, Mary Todd Lincoln prevented Robert Lincoln from joining the Army until shortly before the war's conclusion.〔 "We have lost one son, and his loss is as much as I can bear, without being called upon to make another sacrifice," Mary Todd Lincoln insisted to President Lincoln. President Lincoln argued "our son is not more dear to us than the sons of other people are to their mothers." However, Mary Todd Lincoln persisted by stating that she could not "bear to have Robert exposed to danger." In January 1865, the First Lady yielded and President Lincoln wrote Ulysses S. Grant, asking if Robert could be placed on his staff. On February 11, 1865 he was commissioned as an assistant adjutant with the rank of captain and served in the last weeks of the American Civil War as part of General Ulysses S. Grant's immediate staff, a position which sharply minimized the likelihood that he would be involved in actual combat. He was present at Appomattox when Lee surrendered. He resigned his commission on June 12, 1865 and returned to civilian life. Lincoln had a distant relationship with his father, in part because during his formative years, Abraham Lincoln spent months on the judicial circuit. Their relationship was similar to the one Abraham Lincoln had with his own father. Lincoln stated, "During my childhood and early youth he was almost constantly away from home, attending court or making political speeches." Robert would later say his most vivid image of his father was of his packing his saddlebags to prepare for his travels through Illinois.〔Donald, p. 159〕 Abraham Lincoln was proud of Robert and thought him bright, but also saw him as something of a competitor. An acquaintance purportedly said, "he guessed Bob would not do better than he had."〔quoted in Donald, p. 428〕 The two lacked the strong bond Lincoln had with his sons Willie and Tad, but Robert deeply admired his father and wept openly at his deathbed.〔Donald, p. 599〕 The night of his father's death, Robert had turned down an invitation to accompany his parents to Ford's Theatre, citing fatigue after spending much of his recent time in a covered wagon at the battlefront.〔Ralph Gary, (''The Presidents Were Here: A State-by-State Historical Guide'' ), 2008, page 43〕〔Deanna Spingola, (''The Ruling Elite: A Study in Imperialism, Genocide and Emancipation'' ), 2011, page 556〕〔Jason Emerson, (''Giant in the Shadows: The Life of Robert T. Lincoln'' ), 2011, page 100〕 On April 25, 1865, Robert Lincoln wrote President Andrew Johnson a letter requesting that he and his family be allowed to stay for two and a half weeks because his mother had told him that "she can not possibly be ready to leave here". Lincoln also acknowledged that he was aware of the "great inconvenience" that Johnson had since becoming President of the United States only a short time ago. Following his father's assassination, in April 1865 Robert moved with his mother and his brother Tad to Chicago, where Robert completed his law studies at the Old University of Chicago law school (later absorbed by the Northwestern University School of Law). He was admitted to the bar on February 25, 1867.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.nps.gov/liho/historyculture/lincolnchronology.htm )〕 On January 1, 1866, Lincoln moved out of the apartment he shared with his mother and brother. He rented his own rooms in downtown Chicago to "begin to live with some degree of comfort" which he had not known when living with his family. Lincoln was licensed as an attorney in Chicago on February 22, 1867. He was certified to practice law four days later on February 26, 1867. On September 24, 1868, Lincoln married the former Mary Eunice Harlan (September 25, 1846 – March 31, 1937), the daughter of Senator James Harlan and Ann Eliza Peck of Mount Pleasant, Iowa. They had two daughters and one son.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.nndb.com/people/130/000057956/ )〕 * Mary "Mamie" Lincoln (October 15, 1869 – November 21, 1938) * Abraham Lincoln II (nicknamed "Jack") (August 14, 1873 – March 5, 1890) * Jessie Harlan Lincoln (November 6, 1875 – January 4, 1948) In an era before air conditioning, Robert, Mary and the children would often leave hot city life behind for the cooler climate of Mt. Pleasant. During the 1880s the family would "summer" at the Harlan home. The Harlan-Lincoln home, built in 1876, still stands today. Donated by Mary Harlan Lincoln to Iowa Wesleyan College in 1907, it now serves as a museum with many artifacts from the Lincoln family and from Abraham Lincoln's presidency. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Robert Todd Lincoln」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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