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The Rohingya people (, , , or ), are Indo-Aryan peoples from the Rakhine State, Myanmar, who speak the Rohingya language. According to Rohingyas and some scholars, they are indigenous to Rakhine State, while other historians claim that they migrated to Myanmar from Bengal primarily during the period of British rule in Burma, and to a lesser extent, after the Burmese independence in 1948 and Bangladesh Liberation War in 1971.〔〔〔 Muslims have settled in Rakhine State (also known as Arakan) since the 16th century, although the number of Muslim settlers before the British rule is unclear. After the first Anglo-Burmese War in 1826, British annexed Arakan and encouraged migrations from Bengal to work as farm laborers. The Muslim population may have constituted 5% of Arakan's population by 1869, although estimates for earlier years give higher numbers. Successive British censuses of 1872 and 1911 recorded an increase in Muslim population from 58,255 to 178,647 in Akyab District. During World War II, the Arakan massacres in 1942 involved communal violence between British-armed V Force Rohingya recruits and Buddhist Rakhine people and the region became increasingly ethnically polarized.〔 In 1982, General Ne Win's government enacted the Burmese nationality law, which denied Rohingya citizenship. Since the 1990s, the term "Rohingya" has increased in usage among Rohingya communities.〔 As of 2013, about 1.3 million Rohingyas live in Myanmar.〔 They reside mainly in the northern Rakhine townships, where they form 80–98% of the population.〔 International media and human rights organizations have often described Rohingyas as one of the most persecuted of minorities in the world, while origin of that term with relation to the United Nations is still unclear. Many Rohingyas have fled to ghettos and refugee camps in neighbouring Bangladesh and to areas along the border with Thailand. More than 100,000 Rohingyas in Myanmar continue to live in camps for internally displaced persons, not allowed by authorities to leave. Rohingyas have received international attention in the wake of 2012 Rakhine State riots, and more recently because of their attempted migration throughout Southeast Asia in the 2015 Rohingya refugee crisis. ==Nomenclature== The Rohingya refer to themselves as ''Ruáingga'' . In the dominant languages of the region, they are known as ''rui hang gya'' (following the MLCTS) in (ビルマ語:ရိုဟင်ဂျာ) and ''Rohingga'' in (ベンガル語:রোহিঙ্গা) . Jacques P. Leider states that in precolonial sources, the term ''Rohingya'', in the form of ''Rooinga'' appears only once in a text written by Francis Buchanan-Hamilton. In his 1799 article “A Comparative Vocabulary of Some of the Languages Spoken in the Burma Empire”, Hamilton stated: "I shall now add three dialects, spoken in the ''Burma'' Empire, but evidently derived from the language of the ''Hindu'' nation. The first is that spoken by the ''Mohammedans'', who have long settled in ''Arakan'', and who call themselves ''Rooinga'', or natives of ''Arakan''." The word ''Rohingya'' means “inhabitant of Rohang”, which was the early Muslim name for Arakan.〔 After riots in 2012, academic authors used the term Rohingya to refer to the Muslim community in northern Rakhine. Professor Andrew Selth of Griffith University for example, uses "Rohingya" but states "These are Bengali Muslims who live in Arakan State...most Rohingyas arrived with the British colonialists in the 19th and 20th centuries."〔 Among the overseas Rohingya community, the term has been gaining popularity since the 1990s, though a considerable portion of Muslims in northern Rakhine are unfamiliar with the term and prefer to use alternatives.〔〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Rohingya people」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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