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is a collective name for six related Buddhist temples in northeastern Kyoto, Japan.〔Paine, Robert Treat ''et al.'' (1981). ( ''The Art and Architecture of Japan'' (3rd edition), p. 346. )〕 Six independently constructed and endowed temples have come to be known collectively as the "Six Victorious Temples",〔Adophson, Mikael S. (2000). ( ''The Gates of Power: Monks, Courtiers, and Warriors in Premodern Japan,'' p. 388 n99. )〕 encompassing monasteries which had each enjoyed extravagant Imperial patronage from their inception. They are sometimes identified as the "Superlative Temples" or the "''Shō'' Temples" because of the middle syllable of the temple name.〔McCullough, Helen Craig. (1988). ( ''The Tale of the Heike,'' p. 485; ) Yiengpruksawan, Mimi Hall. (1998). (''Hiraizumi: Buddhist Art and Regional Politics in Twelfth-century Japan,'' p. 216 n13. )〕 ==History== The collective name of the Rokushō-ji was formalized in the early Heian period.〔Ponsonby-Fane, Richard Arthur Brabazon. (1956). ''Kyoto: The Old Capital of Japan, 794-1869,'' p. 114.〕 The Rokushō-ji had a particular function within the Imperial . The Rokushō-ji were "sacred vow temples" (''gogan-ji'') built by imperial command following a precedent established by Emperor Shirakawa's Hosshō-ji.〔 Although these temple complexes were ostensibly established for a presumptively pious purpose, :the relationship of Emperors Shirakawa, Toba, Sutoku, and Konoe with Hosshō-ji and the other "imperial vow" temples and with the imperial residences that adjoined the temple complexes is quite revealing. Clearly the temples were not built simply as acts of piety but as ways of protecting estate income and a certain style of life. Evidently the building of new temples could serve as a coercive device to extract support from other ''kuge'' families and to justify the use of public taxes for the benefit of members of the imperial-house, the religious intent giving support to the political interest.〔Hall, John '' et al.'' (1974). ''Medieval Japan: Essays in Institutional History,'' p. 21.〕 The Rokushō-ji were also called the six "Superiority Temples;" and each were uniquely dedicated to an aspect of esoteric Buddhist ontology, as in * the "Superiority of Buddhist Law"〔Varley, H. Paul. (1980). (Kitabatake Chikafusa, 1359 ), ''Jinnō Shōtōki ("A Chronicle of Gods and Sovereigns: Jinnō Shōtōki of Kitabatake Chikafusa" translated by H. Paul Varley),'' p. 200.〕 -- : , founded by Emperor Shirakawa in 1077.〔Takagaki, Cary Shinji. (1999). ("The Rokusho-ji, the six superiority temples of Heian Japan," p. 2. )〕 * the "Superiority of Worship"〔 -- : , founded by Emperor Horikawa (Shirakawa's son) in 1102.〔 * the "Most Superior"〔 -- : Saishō-ji, founded by Emperor Toba (Shirakawa's grandson) in 1118.〔 * the "Superiority of Perfection"〔 -- : , founded by Imperial consort Taiken-mon'in (Shirakawa's adopted daughter and the mother of Emperor Sutoku) in 1128.〔 * the "Superiority of Becoming"〔 -- : , founded by Emperor Sutoku (Shirakawa's great-grandson) in 1139.〔 * the "Superiority of Duration"〔 -- : , founded by Emperor Konoe (Shirakawa's great-grandson) in 1149.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Rokushō-ji」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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