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| image_alt = | image_caption = | image_flag =Flag_of_Rotterdam.svg | flag_size = 100x67px | flag_alt = | image_shield = Rotterdam wapen.svg | shield_size = 100x80px | shield_alt = | nickname = Rotown, Roffa, Rotjeknor | motto = Sterker door strijd ''(Stronger through struggle)'' | image_map = LocatieRotterdam-2010.png | map_alt = Highlighted position of Rotterdam in a municipal map of South Holland | map_caption = Location in South Holland | latd = 51 |latm = 55 |latNS = N | longd = 4 |longm = 30 |longEW = E | coordinates_display = inline,title | coordinates_footnotes = | coordinates_region = NL | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = Netherlands | subdivision_type1 = Province | subdivision_name1 = South Holland | parts_type = | parts_style = coll | parts = 14 Districts |p1=Centrum |p2=Charlois |p3=Delfshaven |p4=Feijenoord |p5=Hillegersberg-Schiebroek |p6=Hoogvliet |p7=Hook of Holland |p8=IJsselmonde |p9=Kralingen-Crooswijk |p10=Noord |p11=Overschie |p12=Pernis |p13=Prins Alexander |p14=Rozenburg | government_footnotes = | governing_body = Municipal council | leader_party = PvdA | leader_title = Mayor | leader_name = Ahmed Aboutaleb | leader_title1 = Aldermen | leader_name1 = | total_type = Municipality | unit_pref = Metric | area_footnotes = | area_total_km2 = | area_land_km2 = | area_water_km2 = | area_blank1_title = Randstad | area_blank1_km2 = 3043 | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = 0 | elevation_max_footnotes = | elevation_max_m = | elevation_min_footnotes = | elevation_min_m = | population_footnotes = 〔 | population_total = | population_as_of = Municipality, ; Urban and Metro, ; Randstad, 2011 | population_density_km2 = | population_urban = | population_metro = | population_blank1_title = | population_blank1 = 2261844 | population_blank2_title = Randstad | population_blank2 = 6979500 | population_demonym = Rotterdammer | timezone1 = CET | utc_offset1 = +1 | timezone1_DST = CEST | utc_offset1_DST = +2 | postal_code_type = Postcode | postal_code = 3000–3099 | area_code_type = Area code | area_code = 010 | website = | footnotes = }} Rotterdam ( or ; ) is a city in South Holland, the Netherlands, located geographically within the Rhine–Meuse–Scheldt river delta at the North Sea. Its history goes back to 1270 when a dam was constructed in the Rotte river and people settled around it for safety. In 1340 Rotterdam was granted city rights by the Count of Holland〔(【引用サイトリンク】 publisher=Gemeente Rotterdam )〕 and slowly grew into a major logistic and economic centre. Nowadays it is home to Europe's largest port and has a population of 624,799 (, city proper), ranking second in the Netherlands. The Greater Rijnmond area is home to approximately 1.4 million people〔(Population growth; regions per month ), ''CBS StatLine'', 2015 1,404,963 Greater Rijnmond () 1,173,272 Rotterdam Metro () 1,033,629 Rotterdam Urban () 624,856 Rotterdam Municipality ()〕 and the Rotterdam The Hague urban area makes for the 168th most populous urban area in the world. Rotterdam is part of the yet larger Randstad conurbation with a total population of 7,100,000. The city of Rotterdam is known for the Erasmus University, riverside setting, lively cultural life and its maritime heritage. The near-complete destruction of Rotterdam's city centre during World War II (known as the Rotterdam Blitz) has resulted in a varied architectural landscape including sky-scrapers, which are an uncommon sight in other Dutch cities. Rotterdam is home to some world-famous architecture from renowned architects like Rem Koolhaas, Piet Blom, Ben van Berkel and others. Recently Rotterdam was listed 8th in The Rough Guide Top 10 Cities to Visit〔(【引用サイトリンク】 publisher=Rough Guides )〕 and was voted 2015 European City of the Year by the Academy of Urbanism.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 publisher=Academy of Urbanism )〕 The port of Rotterdam is the largest cargo port in Europe and the 10th largest in the world. Rotterdam's logistic success is based on its strategic location on the North Sea, directly at the mouth of the Nieuwe Maas (New Meuse) channel leading into the Rhine–Meuse–Scheldt delta. The rivers Rhine, Meuse and Scheldt give waterway access into the heart of Western Europe, including the highly industrialized Ruhr region. The extensive distribution system including rail, roads and waterways have earned Rotterdam the nickname "Gateway to Europe", and, conversely; "Gateway to the World" in Europe. ==History== The settlement at the lower end of the fen stream ''Rotte'' (or ''Rotta'', as it was then known, from ''rot'', 'muddy' and ''a'', 'water', thus 'muddy water') dates from at least 900 CE. Around ''1150'', large floods in the area ended development, leading to the construction of protective dikes and dams, including ''Schielands Hoge Zeedijk'' ('Schieland’s High Sea Dike') along the northern banks of the present-day Nieuwe Maas. A dam on the Rotte or 'Rotterdam' was built in the 1260s and was located at the present-day ''Hoogstraat'' ('High Street'). On 7 July 1340, Count Willem IV of Holland granted city rights to Rotterdam, which then had approximately 2,000 inhabitants. Around the year 1350 , a shipping canal, the ''Rotterdamse Schie'' was completed, which provided Rotterdam access to the larger towns in the north, allowing it to become a local trans-shipment centre between the Netherlands, England and Germany, and to urbanize. The port of Rotterdam grew slowly but steadily into a port of importance, becoming the seat of one of the six 'chambers' of the ''Vereenigde Oostindische Compagnie'' (VOC), the Dutch East India Company. The greatest spurt of growth, both in port activity and population, followed the completion of the Nieuwe Waterweg in 1872. The city and harbor started to expand on the south bank of the river. The ''Witte Huis'' or ''White House'' skyscraper,〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.glasssteelandstone.com/BuildingDetail/229.php )〕 inspired by American office buildings and built in 1898 in the French Chateau-style, is evidence of Rotterdam's rapid growth and success. When completed, it was the tallest office building in Europe, with a height of . During World War I the city was the world's largest spy centre because of Dutch neutrality and its location in between England, Germany and occupied Belgium.〔Edwin Ruis, ''Spionnennest 1914-1918'' (Meppel 2012)〕 During World War II, the German army invaded the Netherlands on 10 May 1940. Adolf Hitler had hoped to conquer the country in just one day, but his forces met unexpectedly fierce resistance. The Dutch army was finally forced to capitulate on 15 May 1940, following Hitler's bombing Rotterdam on 14 May and threatening to bomb other Dutch cities. The heart of Rotterdam was almost completely destroyed by the Luftwaffe. Some 80,000 civilians were made homeless and 900 were killed; a relatively low number given that many had fled the city because of the warfare and bombing going on in Rotterdam since the start of the invasion three days earlier. The City Hall survived the bombing. Ossip Zadkine later attempted to capture the event with his statue ''De Verwoeste Stad'' ('The Destroyed City'). The statue stands near the ''Leuvehaven'', not far from the Erasmusbrug in the centre of the city, on the north shore of the river ''Nieuwe Maas''. Rotterdam was gradually rebuilt from the 1950s through to the 1970s. It remained quite windy and open until the city councils from the 1980s on began developing an active architectural policy. Daring and new styles of apartments, office buildings and recreation facilities resulted in a more 'livable' city centre with a new skyline. In the 1990s, the Kop van Zuid was built on the south bank of the river as a new business centre. Rotterdam was voted 2015 European City of the Year by the Academy of Urbanism.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Rotterdam」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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